156-582 Check Point Certified Troubleshooting Administrator - R81.20 (CCTA) Questions and Answers

When all licensing options are greyed out in the User Center portal, it typically indicates that the user does not have the necessary permissions to manage licenses. Specifically, the user might not be defined as a Support Contact, which is required to perform licensing actions. Being a Viewer or Licenser does not grant full access to manage licenses, and having no rights would also restrict access, but the most precise reason in this context is the lack of a Support Contact definition.

TheDelete thresholdfor managing locally stored logs on a Security Gateway should not exceed75%of the total disk space. This threshold ensures that there is ample space for new logs while preventing the disk from becoming overly full, which could lead to system instability or loss of logging capabilities.

When thePolicy Conversionprocess has debugging enabled using theINTERNAL_POLICY_LOADING=1command, thefwm(Firewall Manager) process is also enabled for detailed debugging. This allows administrators to monitor and troubleshoot the policy loading and conversion process more effectively, ensuring that policies are correctly applied and enforced.

To troubleshoot internal problems with NAT traffic after deploying a Static NAT configuration, thefw ctl zdebug + xlate xltrc natcommand is utilized. This command provides detailed debugging information related to NAT translations, helping administrators identify and resolve issues within the NAT process.

Enable Bypass Under Loadin Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) is used when the system reaches high thresholds for CPU and memory usage. This feature allows the IPS to bypass certain processing to maintain overall system performance and ensure that essential network functions continue operating smoothly despite resource constraints.

The correct inspection flow using fw monitor is:

(i) - pre-inbound: Before the packet enters the inbound processing path.

(I) - post-inbound: After the inbound processing.

(o) - pre-outbound: Before the packet enters the outbound processing path.

(O) - post-outbound: After the outbound processing.

This sequence ensures that packets are captured and analyzed at all critical points during their traversal through the firewall.

To troubleshoot NAT behavior, especially after deploying a Hide NAT configuration, thefw ctl zdebug + xlate xltrc natcommand is used. This command provides detailed debug information about NAT translations, allowing administrators to verify that internal addresses are being correctly translated and that the NAT rules are functioning as intended.

When there are communication issues between the Security Gateway and the Security Management Server (SMS)/Log Server, the FWD daemon directs the gateway tostore logs locally. This ensures that logging continues without interruption, and the logs are queued until communication with the SMS/Log Server is re-established, preventing any loss of log data.

The top command in Linux provides a real-time, dynamic view of system processes, showing CPU and memory usage among other metrics. It is the most suitable command for monitoring process resource utilization continuously. In contrast, df displays disk space usage, free shows memory usage, and ps provides a snapshot of current processes but without the dynamic, real-time monitoring that top offers.

Thefw ctl arpcommand is used to verify that Proxy ARP entries are loaded into the kernel. This command provides detailed information about the current ARP table, including any Proxy ARP entries that have been established for NAT configurations. Ensuring that these entries are present confirms that the system is correctly handling ARP requests for NATed addresses.

Running tcpdump without appropriate filtering or with verbose options can lead to excessive CPU usage and impact the performance of the firewall. It is essential to use specific switches and filters to limit the scope of the capture to necessary traffic only, thereby minimizing the performance overhead. Contrary to Option A, tcpdump can capture various types of packets, including TCP and UDP. Option B is incorrect as tcpdump is run from the command line, not initiated directly from SmartConsole. Option C is partially true but not as directly relevant as the impact on performance.

TheUserCenter portalis the central hub where Check Point customers can access detailed information about their product licenses, download product manuals, and obtain information regarding product support expiration. This online portal provides a comprehensive view of all licensed products and services, facilitating effective license management and access to essential documentation.

To enableAutonomous Threat Preventionon a Security Gateway, navigate to theGateway and Serversview in SmartConsole, enable the feature, and thenselect an appropriate inspection profile. Selecting the inspection profile allows administrators to define the level of threat prevention and customize the security measures based on the organization's specific needs and deployment scenarios.

Static NATallows for both incoming and outgoing connections by mapping a specific internal IP address to a fixed external IP address. This bidirectional mapping ensures that external entities can initiate connections to the internal host, and the internal host can initiate connections to external networks using the same IP address. In contrast, Hide NAT primarily handles outgoing connections by translating multiple internal IPs to a single external IP, without necessarily allowing incoming connections.

Wiresharkis the most efficient tool for viewing large fw monitor capture files. It provides powerful filtering capabilities, a user-friendly interface, and detailed packet analysis features that make handling large datasets manageable. While CLI tools like snoop and fw monitor offer basic packet viewing, they lack the advanced filtering and visualization options that Wireshark provides.

When a contract file expires or is missing, theexisting protection settingscontinue to display in SmartConsole butare no longer enforcedby the Security Gateway. This means that while the administrative interface still shows the security configurations, the actual enforcement of those policies is halted, potentially leaving the network vulnerable until the contract is renewed or replaced.

The"Super User"permission profile in SmartConsole includes all the capabilities of the"Read Write All"profile and additionally grants the ability to make changes within the Gaia operating system. This elevated permission level allows for more comprehensive administrative control, including system-level configurations that are not available to "Read Write All" users.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) and MAC (Media Access Control) addresses operate at Layer 2 of the OSI model, which is the Data Link Layer. This layer is responsible for node-to-node data transfer and handling MAC addressing. Issues with ARP or MAC addresses indicate problems at this specific layer, necessitating an investigation into Layer 2.

ThePerimeterprotection profile is the default setting forAutonomous Threat Preventionin Check Point environments. This profile is designed to provide robust security measures at the network's perimeter, effectively mitigating threats and ensuring that incoming traffic is thoroughly inspected and filtered based on established security policies.