220-1102 CompTIA A+ Certification Core 2 Exam Questions and Answers

The software is most likely to install by default in the /Applications directory, which is the standard location for macOS applications. This directory can be accessed from the Finder sidebar or by choosing Go > Applications from the menu bar. The /Applications directory contains all the applications that are available to all users on the system1. Some applications might also offer the option to install in the ~/Applications directory, which is a personal applications folder for a single user2. The /etc/services directory is a system configuration file that maps service names to port numbers and protocols3. The /usr/bin directory is a system directory that contains executable binaries for various commands and utilities4. The C:\Program Files directory is a Windows directory that does not exist on macOS.

Using a password manager is the best way to mitigate the issue of users recording their login information in accessible areas. Password managers securely store and encrypt passwords and login details, reducing the need for users to write down or remember multiple complex passwords. This approach enhances security by encouraging the use of strong, unique passwords for different accounts without the risk of forgetting them or the unsafe practice of writing them down. Trusted sources, valid certificates, and user training are important security measures but do not directly address the problem of managing multiple secure passwords as effectively as a password manager does.

Multifactor authentication (MFA) significantly enhances security by requiring two or more forms of verification before granting access to an account or system. This method is highly effective against brute-force attacks, where attackers attempt to guess a user's password through repeated trials. By implementing MFA, even if a password is compromised, unauthorized access is still prevented without the additional authentication factor(s), such as a code from a smartphone app, a fingerprint, or a physical security token.

Multifactor authentication: Provides an additional layer of security beyond just the password, making it much harder for attackers to gain unauthorized access through brute-force methods, as they would need to compromise more than one authentication factor.

Encryption (B) is crucial for protecting data at rest and in transit, but it does not directly prevent brute-force login attempts. Increased password complexity (C) can deter brute-force attacks by making passwords harder to guess, but it is not as effective as MFA in preventing access when passwords are compromised. A secure password vault (D) helps users manage and store their passwords securely, which can indirectly contribute to security by allowing users to keep more complex passwords, but it does not directly prevent brute-force attacks on accounts.

The most important environmental control to maintain the safety of a data center is Temperature control (A). Proper temperature control is crucial to prevent overheating, which can lead to hardware failure, reduced performance, and shortened equipment lifespan. Data centers house high-density computing equipment that generates significant amounts of heat, making effective temperature management essential for maintaining operational stability and reliability​​.

For a SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) router setup where the goal is to only allow specific computers on the network, MAC filtering is the appropriate solution:

Configure MAC filtering: This security measure involves creating a list of allowed device MAC (Media Access Control) addresses in the router's settings. Only devices with MAC addresses on this list will be able to connect to the network, effectively restricting access to authorized computers only.

To resolve a BSOD issue on a Windows 10 PC after installing optional Windows updates, the best approach is to Roll back the device drivers (B). BSODs can often be caused by incompatible or faulty drivers introduced during an update. Rolling back the drivers to a previous version can restore system stability and resolve the BSOD issue​​.

To implement a system that handles both authentication and authorization, TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) is the best option. TACACS+ is a security protocol that provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) services for networked access control, meeting the requirement for both authentication and authorization management.

Given that the smartphone's screen was recently repaired and now experiences issues with Wi-Fi connectivity, despite showing that it is connected to a network, the problem could be related to the internal antenna connections that might have been disturbed or disconnected during the repair process.

Internal Antenna Connections: Smartphones use internal antennas for Wi-Fi and cellular connections. If these antennas are not properly connected, the device may show as connected to a Wi-Fi network but fail to transmit data effectively, resulting in no internet access.

Checking static IP settings (B) would be relevant if the device were not obtaining an IP address at all, but the device does have an IP address. Airplane mode (C) would prevent the device from connecting to Wi-Fi networks entirely. Digitizer calibration (D) is related to the touchscreen functionality and would not affect Wi-Fi connectivity.

The feature that allows a technician to configure policies in a Windows 10 Professional desktop is gpedit. Gpedit is a command that opens the Local Group Policy Editor, which is a utility that allows users to view and modify local group policies on their Windows PC. Local group policies are a set of rules and settings that control the behavior and configuration of the system and its users. Local group policies can be used to configure policies such as security, network, software installation and user rights. Gpmc is a command that opens the Group Policy Management Console, which is a utility that allows users to view and modify domain-based group policies on a Windows Server. Domain-based group policies are a set of rules and settings that control the behavior and configuration of the computers and users in a domain. Domain-based group policies are not available on a Windows 10 Professional desktop. Gpresult is a command that displays the result of applying group policies on a Windows PC. Gpresult can be used to troubleshoot or verify group policy settings but not to configure them. Gpupdate is a command that updates or refreshes the group policy settings on a Windows PC. Gpupdate can be used to apply new or changed group policy settings but not to configure them. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.6

Authenticator applications are designed to enhance security by generating temporary, time-sensitive passcodes used in two-factor authentication (2FA) processes. These passcodes are used in conjunction with traditional credentials (like usernames and passwords) to grant access to systems or applications. This extra layer of security ensures that even if primary login credentials are compromised, unauthorized access is still prevented without the dynamically generated code from the authenticator app.

The operating systems designed for smartphones include iOS and Android. iOS is developed by Apple Inc. for its iPhone range, while Android, developed by Google, is used across a variety of devices from different manufacturers. Both operating systems are specifically tailored to provide a mobile computing experience, with interfaces, applications, and functionalities designed for touchscreen input and mobile hardware​​.

Before starting a bare-metal installation of Windows 10, ensuring that there is sufficient storage space on the system's hard drive or SSD is crucial. This is because the installation files need enough room to be copied and for the operating system to be installed and function properly. Without adequate storage, the installation process can fail or the operating system might not perform optimally. Other prerequisites like internet connection, product key, and specific firmware types might be necessary at different stages of installation or activation, but the fundamental requirement is enough storage space to accommodate the new OS.

Windows 10 includes a set of parental controls within the "Family Options" section of the Windows settings. This feature allows parents to manage their children's computing activities, including setting time limits on device use, filtering web content, managing privacy and online safety settings, and viewing activity reports.

Family Options: By enabling and configuring Family Options, the user can set specific times when their children can use the device and access the internet, effectively limiting their overall screen time and internet usage.

Update & Security (B) mainly deals with Windows updates and security features but does not directly provide settings for time management. Ease of Access (C) is focused on accessibility settings and does not include time management options. Network & Internet (D) settings control network connectivity and do not offer parental controls or time limits. Privacy (E) settings manage which applications can access device features and user data but do not include time management options.

Group Policy is a feature in Windows that allows network administrators to manage and configure operating system, application settings, and user settings in an Active Directory environment. It can enforce password policies across the network, including password length requirements, making it the best tool for ensuring compliance with security policies.

To prevent ransomware attacks via email, the most effective way is End user education (C). Educating users about the dangers of phishing emails, how to recognize suspicious emails, and the importance of not clicking on unknown links or attachments can significantly reduce the risk of ransomware infections. Awareness and training can empower users to act as the first line of defense against such cyber threats

On macOS, uninstalling an application typically involves locating the app in Finder and dragging it to the Trash. This method is straightforward and commonly used for removing unwanted applications. The other options do not directly relate to the standard process of uninstalling applications on a Mac.

For a company looking to transition away from face-to-face meetings, videoconferencing and screen-sharing software would be most beneficial.

Videoconferencing software allows participants to conduct virtual meetings with audio and video capabilities, effectively simulating a face-to-face interaction without the need for physical presence. This can greatly reduce travel costs and time while maintaining the personal touch of meetings.

Screen-sharing enables participants in a virtual meeting to view one another's computer screens in real time. This is particularly useful for presentations, collaborative work, and troubleshooting, as it allows for a more interactive and engaging meeting experience.

Both technologies support the company's goal of leveraging modern technology to enhance communication and collaboration while reducing reliance on physical meetings.

A. Device drivers23: Device drivers are software components that enable the operating system to communicate with hardware devices. Different devices may require different drivers, so the desktop engineer should include the appropriate drivers in the master image or configure the deployment process to install them automatically.

C. Installed application license keys2: Installed application license keys are codes that activate or authenticate software applications. Some applications may require license keys to be entered during installation or after deployment. The desktop engineer should include the license keys in the master image or configure the deployment process to apply them automatically.

The next troubleshooting step that the technician should perform to resolve the issue of pages flashing on the screen before staying open when accessing banking web pages is to verify the address bar URL. The address bar URL is the web address that appears in the browser’s address bar and indicates the location of the web page being accessed. Verifying the address bar URL can help determine if the user is accessing a legitimate or malicious website, as some phishing websites may try to impersonate banking websites by using similar-looking URLs or domains.

The best explanation for why the system still has malware after performing a System Restore is that the malware was installed before the system restore point was created. A system restore point is a snapshot of the system settings and configuration at a certain point in time. A System Restore is a feature that allows users to restore their system to a previous state in case of problems or errors. However, a System Restore does not affect personal files or folders, and it may not remove malware that was already present on the system before the restore point was created. A system patch disabling the antivirus protection and host firewall may increase the risk of malware infection, but it does not explain why the malware persists after a System Restore. The system updates not including the latest anti-malware definitions may reduce the effectiveness of malware detection and removal, but it does not explain why the malware persists after a System Restore. The system restore process being compromised by the malware may prevent a successful System Restore, but it does not explain why the malware persists after a System Restore. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.3

The installation of home edition software on computers at a local office most likely violates the EULA. EULA stands for End User License Agreement and is a legal contract that specifies the terms and conditions for using a software product or service. EULA typically covers topics such as license scope, duration and limitations, rights and obligations of the parties, warranties and disclaimers, liability and indemnity clauses, and termination procedures. EULA may also restrict the use of home edition software to personal or non-commercial purposes only, and prohibit the use of home edition software in business or professional settings. Violating EULA may result in legal actions or penalties from the software vendor or developer. PII stands for Personally Identifiable Information and is any information that can be used to identify or locate an individual, such as name, address, phone number, email address, social security number or credit card number. PII is not related to software installation or licensing but to data protection and privacy. DRM stands for Digital Rights Management and is a technology that controls or restricts the access and use of digital content, such as music, movies, books or games. DRM is not related to software installation or licensing but to content distribution and piracy prevention. Open-source agreement is a type of license that allows users to access, modify and distribute the source code of a software product or service freely and openly. Open-source agreement does not restrict the use of software to home edition only but encourages collaboration and innovation among developers and users. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 5.1

The first thing that a support technician should check to resolve the issue of not being able to receive emails or browse the internet from a smartphone while traveling is the data plan coverage. The data plan coverage determines how much data and where the user can use on the smartphone’s cellular network. The data plan coverage may vary depending on the user’s location, carrier and subscription. The data plan coverage may not include or support certain areas or countries that the user is traveling to, or may charge extra fees or limit the speed or amount of data that the user can use. The data plan coverage does not affect text messages and phone calls, which use different network services and protocols. User account status is not likely to cause the issue of not being able to receive emails or browse the internet from a smartphone while traveling, unless the user account has been suspended or terminated by the carrier or the email provider. Mobile OS version is not likely to cause the issue of not being able to receive emails or browse the internet from a smartphone while traveling, unless the mobile OS has a major bug or compatibility problem with the network or the email app. Network traffic outages may cause the issue of not being able to receive emails or browse the internet from a smartphone while traveling, but they are less likely and less common than data plan coverage issues, and they should also affect text messages and phone calls. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.5

Regionally diverse backups are backups that are stored in different geographic locations, preferably far away from the primary site1. This way, if a disaster such as a hurricane or a power outage affects one location, the backups in another location will still be available and accessible2. Regionally diverse backups can help ensure business continuity and data recovery in case of a disaster3. The other options are not the best backup solutions for a site in an area that has frequent hurricanes and an unstable power grid. High availability is a feature that allows a system to remain operational and accessible even if one or more components fail, but it does not protect against data loss or corruption4. On-site backups are backups that are stored in the same location as the primary site, which means they are vulnerable to the same disasters that can affect the primary site. Incremental backups are backups that only store the changes made since the last backup, which means they require less storage space and bandwidth, but they also depend on previous backups to restore data and may not be sufficient for disaster recovery.

The technician should use devmgmt.msc tool to make adjustments for the touchpad issue after Windows installed updates on a laptop. Devmgmt.msc is a command that opens the Device Manager, which is a utility that allows users to view and manage the hardware devices and drivers installed on a computer. The technician can use the Device Manager to check the status, properties and compatibility of the touchpad device and its driver, and perform actions such as updating, uninstalling or reinstalling the driver, enabling or disabling the device, or scanning for hardware changes. Eventvwr.msc is a command that opens the Event Viewer, which is a utility that allows users to view and monitor the system logs and events. The Event Viewer may provide some information or clues about the touchpad issue, but it does not allow users to manage or troubleshoot the device or its driver directly. Perfmon.msc is a command that opens the Performance Monitor, which is a utility that allows users to measure and analyze the performance of the system

SMB stands for Server Message Block, which is a network file sharing protocol that allows applications on a computer to read and write to files and to request services from server programs in a computer network. SMB is a built-in protocol in Windows operating systems and can be used to transfer files between computers over a network. The technician can use SMB to access a file share on the user’s workstation and copy the file to or from it. VPN stands for virtual private network, which is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network. VPN is not a built-in protocol in Windows operating systems and does not directly transfer files between computers. RMM stands for remote monitoring and management, which is a type of software solution that allows remote management and monitoring of devices and networks. RMM is not a built-in protocol in Windows operating systems and does not directly transfer files between computers. MSRA stands for Microsoft Remote Assistance, which is a feature that allows a user to invite another user to view or control their computer remotely. MSRA is not a protocol, but an application that uses Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) to establish a connection. MSRA does not directly transfer files between computers.

https://www.pcmag.com/picks/the-best-desktop-workstations

The best sign-on option that would allow any employee the ability to unlock the kiosk that relies exclusively on a numeric keypad is to use a PIN and provide it to employees. A PIN is a Personal Identification Number that is a numeric code that can be used as part of authentication or access control. A PIN can be entered using only a numeric keypad and can be easily shared with employees who need to unlock the kiosk. Requiring employees to enter their usernames and passwords may not be feasible or convenient if the kiosk only has a numeric keypad and no other input devices. Setting up facial recognition for each employee may not be possible or secure if the kiosk does not have a camera or biometric sensor. Requiring employees to use their fingerprints may not be possible or secure if the kiosk does not have a fingerprint scanner or biometric sensor. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 3.3

This will ensure that the antivirus software is up-to-date, and can detect any new viruses that may have been released since the last virus definition update. 

The CompTIA A+ Core 2 220-1002 exam covers this topic in the following domains: 1.3 Explain the importance of security awareness and 2.2 Given a scenario, use secure data management and disaster recovery principles.

EAP-TLS is a method of authentication that uses certificates to establish a secure tunnel between the client and the server3. The certificates have a validity period and must be renewed before they expire1. If the user has been on an extended leave and has not logged in to the computer in several months, it is possible that the certificate on the client or the server has expired and needs to be renewed2. The other options are not directly related to EAP-TLS authentication or 802.1X network access.

When troubleshooting boot times for a user, a technician may want to check which programs are starting with the operating system to identify any that may be slowing down the boot process. MSConfig is a tool that can be used to view startup items on a Windows system, but it may not always be available or functional.

In this scenario, the technician receives a message that MSConfig cannot be used to view startup items. As an alternative, the technician can use Task Manager (taskmgr), which can also display the programs that run at startup. To access the list of startup items in Task Manager, the technician can follow these steps:

Open Task Manager by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Esc.

Click the "Startup" tab.

The list of programs that run at startup will be displayed.

The tool that the technician should use to resolve the connection issues with the third-party USB adapter is devmgmt.msc. Devmgmt.msc is a command that opens the Device Manager, which is a utility that allows users to view and manage the hardware devices and drivers installed on a computer. The technician can use the Device Manager to check the status, properties and compatibility of the USB adapter and its driver, and perform actions such as updating, uninstalling or reinstalling the driver, enabling or disabling the device, or scanning for hardware changes. Taskschd.msc is a command that opens the Task Scheduler, which is a utility that allows users to create and manage tasks that run automatically at specified times or events. The Task Scheduler is not relevant or useful for resolving connection issues with the USB adapter. Eventvwr.msc is a command that opens the Event Viewer, which is a utility that allows users to view and monitor the system logs and events. The Event Viewer may provide some information or clues about the connection issues with the USB adapter, but it does not allow users to manage or troubleshoot the device or its driver directly. Diskmgmt.msc is a command that opens the Disk Management, which is a utility that allows users to view and manage the disk drives and partitions on a computer. The Disk Management is not relevant or useful for resolving connection issues with the USB adapter. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.6

When selecting a new Windows operating system for a large company that needs built-in encryption and endpoint protection, the Enterprise edition is the most likely choice. This edition provides advanced security features such as Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection (ATP), AppLocker, and BitLocker Drive Encryption. These features can help to protect the company's data and endpoints against malware attacks, unauthorized access, and data theft.

The Home and Pro editions of Windows do not include some of the advanced security features provided by the Enterprise edition, such as Windows Defender ATP and AppLocker. The Pro for Workstations edition is designed for high-performance and high-end hardware configurations, but it does not provide additional security features beyond those provided by the Pro edition.

MDM stands for mobile device management, which is a type of software solution that allows remote management and security of mobile devices. MDM can help a company reduce data disclosure caused by malware that may infect these devices by enforcing security policies, such as encryption, password protection, antivirus software, and remote wipe. MDM can also monitor and control the access of personal devices to corporate data and networks. UAC stands for user account control, which is a feature of Windows that prompts users for permission or an administrator password before making changes that affect the system. UAC may not be effective in preventing malware infection or data disclosure on personal devices. LDAP stands for lightweight directory access protocol, which is a protocol for accessing and managing information stored in a directory service, such as user names and passwords. LDAP does not directly address the issue of malware infection or data disclosure on personal devices. SSO stands for single sign-on, which is a feature that allows users to access multiple applications or services with one set of credentials. SSO may not prevent malware infection or data disclosure on personal devices, and may even increase the risk if the credentials are compromised. 

https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/03/mobile-device-security-bring-your-own-device-byod-draft-sp-1800-22

Group Policy is the most likely tool to be used to change the security settings on a user’s device in a domain environment. Group Policy is a feature of Windows that allows administrators to manage and configure settings for multiple devices and users in a centralized way. Group Policy can be used to enforce security policies such as password complexity, account lockout, firewall rules, encryption settings, etc.

The error “BOOTMGR is missing” indicates that the boot sector is damaged or missing1. The boot sector is a part of the hard disk that contains the code and information needed to start Windows1. To fix this error, one of the possible methods is to run Startup Repair from Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)1. Startup Repair is a tool that can automatically diagnose and repair problems with the boot process2.

References: 1: “Bootmgr is missing Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart” error when you start Windows (https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/-bootmgr-is-missing-press-ctrl-alt-del-to-restart-error-when-you-start-windows-8bc1b94b-d243-1027-5410-aeb04d5cd5e2) 2: Startup Repair: frequently asked questions (https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/startup-repair-frequently-asked-questions-f5f412a0-19c4-8e0a-9f68-bb0f17f3daa0)

The most likely cause of the user’s issue of applications opening without being launched and browser redirects when trying to go to certain websites is malware. Malware is a general term that refers to any software or code that is malicious or harmful to a computer or system. Malware can perform various unwanted or unauthorized actions on a computer or system, such as opening applications, redirecting browsers, displaying ads, stealing data, encrypting files or damaging hardware. Malware can infect a computer or system through various means, such as email attachments, web downloads, removable media or network connections. Keylogger is a type of malware that records and transmits the keystrokes made by a user on a keyboard. Keylogger can be used to steal personal or sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers or chat messages. Keylogger does not typically open applications or redirect browsers but only captures user inputs. Cryptominers are a type of malware that use the computing resources of a computer or system to mine cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. Cryptominers can degrade the performance and increase the power consumption of a computer or system. Cryptominers do not typically open applications or redirect browsers but only consume CPU or GPU cycles. Virus is a type of malware that infects and replicates itself on other files or programs on a computer or system.

An access control list (ACL) is a list of permissions associated with a system resource (object), such as a website. An ACL specifies which users or system processes are granted access to objects, as well as what operations are allowed on given objects1. A systems administrator can create an ACL to define the list of websites that users are allowed to access.

References: 1: Access-control list - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access-control_list)

MSRA stands for Microsoft Remote Assistance, and it is a feature that allows a technician to remotely view and control another user’s Windows PC with their permission. MSRA is built-in to Windows and does not require any additional software installation. To use MSRA, the technician and the user need to follow these steps:

On the user’s PC, type msra in the search box on the taskbar and select Invite someone to connect to your PC and help you, or offer to help someone else.

Select Save this invitation as a file and choose a location to save the file. This file contains a password that the technician will need to connect to the user’s PC.

Send the file and the password to the technician via email or another secure method.

On the technician’s PC, type msra in the search box on the taskbar and select Help someone who has invited you.

Select Use an invitation file and browse to the location where the file from the user is saved. Enter the password when prompted.

The user will see a message asking if they want to allow the technician to connect to their PC. The user should select Yes.

The technician will see the user’s desktop and can request control of their PC by clicking Request control on the top bar. The user should allow this request by clicking Yes.

The technician can now view and control the user’s PC and assist them with installing software.

The technician should adjust the firewall settings to resolve the issue of not being able to access an internal site at https://companyintranet.com:8888. The firewall settings control how the firewall filters and allows network traffic based on rules and policies. The firewall settings may be blocking or preventing the access to the internal site by mistake or by default, especially if the site uses a non-standard port number such as 8888. The technician should check and modify the firewall settings to allow the access to the internal site or its port number. Default gateway settings determine how a computer connects to other networks or the internet. Default gateway settings are not likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site if the user can access the public internet. DHCP settings determine how a computer obtains its IP address and other network configuration parameters automatically from a DHCP server. DHCP settings are not likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site if the user can access other network resources. IP address settings determine how a computer identifies itself and communicates with other devices on a network. IP address settings are not likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site if the user can access other network resources. Antivirus settings control how the antivirus software scans and protects the computer from malware and threats. Antivirus settings are less likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site than firewall settings, unless the antivirus software has its own firewall feature that may interfere with the network traffic. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.6

 Windows Home is the most likely edition of Windows installed on the machines that do not have the domain join option. Windows Home is a consumer-oriented edition that does not support joining a domain or using Group Policy. Only Windows Professional, Education, and Enterprise editions can join a domain

Open-ended questions are questions that require more than a yes or no answer and encourage the customer to provide more details and information. Using open-ended questions can help the support technician to understand the problem better, identify the root cause, and find a suitable solution. Some examples of open-ended questions are:

What exactly is not working on your machine?

When did you notice the problem?

How often does the problem occur?

What were you doing when the problem happened?

What have you tried to fix the problem?

Offering to wipe and reset the device for the customer is not a good option, as it may result in data loss and inconvenience for the customer. It should be used as a last resort only if other troubleshooting steps fail. Advising that the help desk will investigate and follow up at a later date is not a good option, as it may leave the customer unsatisfied and frustrated. It should be used only if the problem requires further research or escalation and cannot be resolved on the first call. Putting the customer on hold and escalating the call to a manager is not a good option, as it may waste time and resources. It should be used only if the problem is beyond the support technician’s scope or authority and requires managerial intervention.

When a computer is running slower than usual and experiences long startup times, the first tool to use is:

Task Manager: This utility provides real-time data on the processes and applications consuming system resources like CPU, memory, and disk usage. By identifying resource-heavy processes, a technician can take steps to optimize performance or identify malicious software.

When encountering a warning about antivirus protection malfunctioning, the first step should be to isolate the computer from the network to prevent potential spread of malware. Updating the endpoint protection software is also crucial to ensure the latest virus definitions and security features are in place to effectively identify and remove the threat.

The differential backup method would best address these concerns. Differential backups only back up files that have changed since the last full backup, which means that only a few files would be backed up each time. This would help to mitigate the risk of ransomware attacks, as only a few files would be affected if an attack occurred. Additionally, differential backups require less storage space than full backups.

The technician has taken the appropriate action by not taking the call and setting the phone to silent in order to avoid any distractions and remain focused on the task at hand. This is a good example of how to maintain focus and productivity when working on a customer's PC, and will help to ensure that the job is completed in a timely and efficient manner.

exFAT is a file system that is supported by both Linux and Windows and can handle large files1.

the user should change the default passwords first when configuring a new SOHO Wi-Fi router1

The smartphone’s line was not provisioned with a data plan. The user is unable to use any internet-related functions on the smartphone when it is not connected to Wi-Fi because the smartphone’s line was not provisioned with a data plan. The user can send and receive text messages and phone calls when the smartphone is not connected to Wi-Fi because these functions do not require an internet connection1

The account access level the user will need to access advanced features and configuration settings for several applications while adhering to corporate policy requiring a least privilege environment is a standard account. This is because a standard account allows the user to access advanced features and configuration settings for several applications while adhering to corporate policy requiring a least privilege environment1.

Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts files on a computer, making them inaccessible until a ransom is paid. In this case, the user was able to access the files before without issue, and no changes have been made within the company, so it is likely that the computer was infected with ransomware.

Shredding is the most effective method to securely dispose of data stored on optical discs12

References: 4. How Can I Safely Destroy Sensitive Data CDs/DVDs? - How-To Geek. Retrieved from https://www.howtogeek.com/174307/how-can-i-safely-destroy-sensitive-data-cdsdvds/ 5. Disposal — UK Data Service. Retrieved from https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/learning-hub/research-data-management/store-your-data/disposal/

The file type that the technician will MOST likely use when installing new software on a macOS computer is .app. This is because .app is the file extension for applications on macOS1.

The first step in troubleshooting is to check for any installed patches and roll them back one at a time until the issue is resolved. This can help to identify any patches that may be causing the issue and allow them to be removed.

The technician should use dfrgui.exe to defragment the hard drive1

Click on 802.11 and Select ac

Click on SSID and select CORP

Click on Frequency and select 5GHz

At Wireless Security Mode, Click on Security Mode

Select the WPA2

Ann needs to connect to the BYOD SSID, using 2.4GHZ. The selected security method chose should be WPA PSK, and the password should be set to TotallySecret.

The user can enable speech recognition on a PC in the Ease of Access settings tool. To set up Speech Recognition on a Windows PC, the user should open Control Panel, click on Ease of Access, click on Speech Recognition, and click the Start Speech Recognition link. Language settings can be used to change the language of the speech recognition feature, but they will not enable the feature. System settings can be used to configure the hardware and software of the PC, but they will not enable the speech recognition feature. Personalization settings can be used to customize the appearance and behavior of the PC, but they will not enable the speech recognition feature1

Open up ease of access, click on speech, then there is an on and off button for speech recognition.

The user should install and run Linux and the required application as a virtual machine installed under the Windows OS. This solution would allow for parallel execution of the Linux application and Windows applications2.

The MOST efficient solution that allows for parallel execution of the Linux application and Windows applications is to install and run Linux and the required application as a virtual machine installed under the Windows OS. This is because it allows you to run both Linux and Windows together without the need to keep the Linux portion confined to a VM window3.

Account lockout would best mitigate the threat of a dictionary attack1

The laptop has an additional option under power and sleep settings that desktops do not have. Switching to do nothing prevents the screen from turning off when closed.

The technician should perform a rollback of the Windows update that caused the issue with the locally attached devices. A rollback is a process of uninstalling an update and restoring the previous version of the system. This can help to fix any compatibility or performance issues caused by the update1. To rollback an update, the technician can use the Settings app, the Control Panel, or the System Restore feature. The technician should also check for any device driver updates that might be needed after rolling back the update. Disabling the Windows Update service is not a good practice, as it can prevent the system from receiving important security and feature updates. Checking for updates might not fix the issue, as the update that caused the issue might still be installed. Restoring hidden updates is not relevant, as it only applies to updates that have been hidden by the user to prevent them from being installed2.

References: 1: https://www.windowscentral.com/how-uninstall-and-reinstall-updates-windows-10 2: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/show-or-hide-updates-in-windows-10-9c9f0a4f-9a6e-4c8e-8b44-afbc6b33f3cf

Local Users and Groups is the best option to accomplish this task. Local Users and Groups is a tool that allows managing the local user accounts and groups on a Windows workstation. The technician can use this tool to create a new user account with administrator privileges or add an existing user account to the Administrators group. This way, the technician can log in with the administrator account and make system changes without elevating permissions. Group Policy Editor, Device Manager, and System Configuration are not correct answers for this question. Group Policy Editor is a tool that allows configuring policies and settings for users and computers in a domain environment. Device Manager is a tool that allows managing the hardware devices and drivers on a Windows workstation. System Configuration is a tool that allows modifying the startup options and services on a Windows workstation. None of these tools can directly grant administrator access to a user account. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 13

CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam …, page 103

MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication) is a security measure that often uses an SMS or third-party application as a secondary method to access a system. MFA requires the user to provide two or more pieces of evidence to prove their identity, such as something they know (e.g., password), something they have (e.g., phone), or something they are (e.g., fingerprint)2. WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) is a security protocol for wireless networks that does not use SMS or third-party applications. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm that does not use SMS or third-party applications. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) is a network protocol that provides centralized authentication and authorization for remote access clients, but does not use SMS or third-party applications.

A. Disable the SSID broadcast1: The SSID broadcast is a feature that allows a Wi-Fi network to be visible to nearby devices. Disabling the SSID broadcast can make the network harder to find by unauthorized users, but it does not prevent them from accessing it if they know the network name and password.

Content filtering is a process that manages or screens access to specific emails or webpages based on their content categories1. Content filtering can be used by organizations to control content access through their firewalls and enforce corporate policies around information system management2. A SOHO client may have content filtering enabled on their network and may need to adjust it to allow access to a corporate website that is blocked by default. The client can use a software program, a hardware device, or a subscription service to configure the content filtering settings and whitelist the desired website2.

References: 1: Web content filtering (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/web-content-filtering?view=o365-worldwide) 2: What is Content Filtering? Definition and Types of Content Filters (https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/content-filtering)

Risk analysis is used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation. Risk analysis is a process of identifying, assessing and prioritizing potential risks that may affect a project or an activity. Risk analysis can help determine the likelihood and impact of various issues that may arise during a change implementation, such as technical errors, compatibility problems, security breaches, performance degradation or user dissatisfaction. Risk analysis can also help plan and prepare for mitigating or avoiding these issues. Scope change is a modification of the original goals, requirements or deliverables of a project or an activity. Scope change is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to reflect changes in expectations or needs of the stakeholders. End-user acceptance is a measure of how well the users are satisfied with and adopt a new system or service. End-user acceptance is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to evaluate the success and effectiveness of the change. Rollback plan is a contingency plan that describes how to restore a system or service to its previous state in case of a failed or problematic change implementation. Rollback plan is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to recover from them. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 5.2

The most likely cause of the issue of having different hash values for a downloaded security tool is a modified file. A hash value is a unique and fixed-length string that is generated from an algorithm that processes data or files. A hash value can be used to verify the integrity and authenticity of data or files by comparing it with a known or expected value. If the hash values do not match, it means that the data or file has been altered or corrupted in some way. A modified file may result from intentional or unintentional changes, such as editing, encryption, compression or malware infection. Private-browsing mode is a feature that allows users to browse the web without storing any browsing history, cookies or cache on their browser. Private-browsing mode does not affect the hash value of a downloaded file but only how the browser handles user data. Invalid certificate is an error that occurs when a website or a server does not have a valid or trusted digital certificate that proves its identity and secures its communication. Invalid certificate does not affect the hash value of a downloaded file but only how the browser verifies the website or server’s credibility. Browser cache is a temporary storage that stores copies of web pages, images and other content that users have visited on their browser. 

 An evil twin is a type of social-engineering attack that involves setting up a rogue wireless access point that mimics a legitimate one. The attacker can then intercept or modify the traffic of the users who connect to the fake SSID. The attacker may also use phishing or malware to steal credentials or personal information from the users

Access control vestibule is the correct answer for this question. An access control vestibule is a physical security device that consists of two doors that form an enclosed space between them. The first door opens only after verifying the identity of the person entering, such as by using a card reader, biometric scanner, or keypad. The second door opens only after the first door closes, creating a buffer zone that prevents unauthorized access or tailgating. An access control vestibule also maintains a record of events, such as who entered or exited, when, and how. Hard token, key fob, and door lock are not sufficient to meet the requirements of this question. A hard token is a device that generates a one-time password or code for authentication purposes. A key fob is a small device that can be attached to a key ring and used to unlock doors or start vehicles remotely. A door lock is a mechanism that secures a door from opening without a key or a code. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 25

 The user is experiencing a vishing attack. Vishing stands for voice phishing and is a type of social-engineering attack that uses phone calls or voice messages to trick users into revealing personal or financial information. Vishing attackers often pretend to be from legitimate organizations, such as banks, government agencies or service providers, and use various tactics, such as urgency, fear or reward, to persuade users to comply with their requests. Phishing is a type of social-engineering attack that uses fraudulent emails or websites to trick users into revealing personal or financial information. Phishing does not involve phone calls or voice messages. Smishing is a type of social-engineering attack that uses text messages or SMS to trick users into revealing personal or financial information. Smishing does not involve phone calls or voice messages. Whaling is a type of social-engineering attack that targets high-profile individuals, such as executives, celebrities or politicians, to trick them into revealing personal or financial information. Whaling does not necessarily involve phone calls or voice messages. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 3.1

The user is experiencing a system error that prevents them from using the Testing program. The error message indicates that the file MSVCP100.dll is missing from the computer. This file is part of the Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package, which is required by some applications to run properly. The error may have occurred due to a corrupted or incomplete software deployment.

To resolve this issue, the user needs to restore the missing file and register it in the system. One possible way to do this is to copy the file from another computer that has the Testing program installed and working, and then use the regsvr32 command to register it. The steps are as follows:

On another computer (User-PC02) that has the Testing program installed and working, locate the file MSVCP100.dll in the folder C:\Program Files\Testing.

Share the folder C:\Windows\System32 on User-PC02 by right-clicking on it, selecting Properties, then Sharing, then Advanced Sharing, then checking Share this folder, then clicking OK.

On the user’s computer (User-PC01), open a command prompt as an administrator by clicking Start, typing cmd, right-clicking on Command Prompt, and selecting Run as administrator.

In the command prompt, type the following command to copy the file MSVCP100.dll from User-PC02 to User-PC01: copy "C:\Program Files\Testing\msvcp100.dll" "\\User-PC02\C$\Windows\System32"

After the file is copied, type the following command to register it in the system: regsvr32 msvcp100.dll

Restart the user’s computer and try to run the Testing program again.

Therefore, based on the instructions given by the user, the correct answers are:

Select Event Viewer Issue: 2187

Select First Command: copy "C:\Program Files\Testing\msvcp100.dll" "\\User-PC02\C$\Windows\System32"

Select Second Command: regsvr32 msvcp100.dll

An acceptable use policy (AUP) is a document that defines the rules and expectations for the users of a system, network, or service. It typically covers topics such as the purpose, scope, responsibilities, and restrictions of using the system, network, or service1. An AUP is a suitable place to publish the guidelines for the incorporation of generative AI solutions, as it can inform the users of the benefits, risks, and ethical implications of using such tools. It can also specify the conditions and limitations for using generative AI solutions, such as the types of data, content, and applications that are allowed or prohibited, the security and privacy requirements, the legal and regulatory compliance, and the accountability and reporting mechanisms23.

References: 1 What is an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)? - Definition from Techopedia(https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/84168/the-difference-of-security-policy-and-acceptable-use-policy). 2 Guide on the use of Generative AI - Canada.ca(https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/digital-government-innovations/responsible-use-ai/guide-use-generative-ai.html)3 Key Considerations for Developing Organizational Generative AI Policies - ISACA(https://www.isaca.org/resources/news-and-trends/newsletters/atisaca/2023/volume-44/key-considerations-for-developing-organizational-generative-ai-policies).

Full backup is the best option to ensure that the restore process is as simple as possible. A full backup is a backup type that copies all the data from the source to the destination, regardless of whether the data has changed or not. A full backup provides the most complete and consistent backup of the data, and it allows the user to restore the data from a single backup set without relying on any previous or subsequent backups. Incremental, differential, and synthetic backups are not as simple as full backups for restoring data. An incremental backup is a backup type that copies only the data that has changed since the last backup, whether it was full or incremental. An incremental backup requires less time and space than a full backup, but it also requires multiple backup sets to restore the data completely. A differential backup is a backup type that copies only the data that has changed since the last full backup. A differential backup requires more time and space than an incremental backup, but it also requires fewer backup sets to restore the data than an incremental backup. A synthetic backup is a backup type that combines a full backup with one or more incremental or differential backups to create a consolidated backup set. A synthetic backup requires less time and bandwidth than a full backup, but it also requires more processing power and storage space than an incremental or differential backup. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 15

CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) Cert Guide, page 458

The scope of the change is one of the elements that should be documented to ensure that the change management plan is followed. The scope of the change defines the boundaries and limitations of the change, such as what is included and excluded, what are the deliverables and outcomes, what are the assumptions and constraints, and what are the dependencies and risks. The scope of the change helps to clarify the expectations and objectives of the change, as well as to prevent scope creep or deviation from the original plan. The scope of the change also helps to measure the progress and success of the change, as well as to communicate the change to the stakeholders and the team

The error message indicates that the website’s security certificate is not trusted by the user’s device, which may prevent the user from accessing the secure internal network. To resolve this issue, the user can view the certificate details and install it on the device, which will add it to the trusted root certificate store. Reimaging the system and installing SSL, installing Trusted Root Certificate, or continuing to access the website are not recommended solutions, as they may compromise the security of the device or the network.

 Date and time is the most likely cause of the issue. The date and time settings on a workstation affect the validity of the certificates used by websites to establish secure connections. If the date and time are incorrect, the workstation may not recognize the certificate as valid and display an invalid certificate error. Other workstations on the same local network may not have this issue if their date and time are correct. User access control, UEFI boot mode, and log-on times are not likely causes of the issue. User access control is a feature that prevents unauthorized changes to the system by prompting for confirmation or credentials. UEFI boot mode is a firmware interface that controls the boot process of the workstation. Log-on times are settings that restrict when a user can log in to the workstation. None of these factors affect the validity of the certificates used by websites. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 14

CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) Cert Guide, page 456

Jailbreaking a device exposes it to various security risks, such as malware, data theft, network attacks, and service disruption1234. Running an antivirus and enabling encryption may not be enough to remove the threats and restore the device’s functionality. Undoing the jailbreak may not be possible or effective, depending on the method used. Backing up the files and doing a system restore may preserve the jailbreak and the associated problems. The best option is to erase the device and reinstall the original operating system that is compatible with the corporate policies and standards. This will ensure that the device is clean, secure, and compliant25.

References: 1 What is Jailbreaking & Is it safe? - Kaspersky(https://www.kaspersky.com/resource-center/definitions/what-is-jailbreaking). 2 Jailbreak Detection: Why is jailbreaking a potential security risk? - Cybersecurity ASEE(https://cybersecurity.asee.co/blog/what-is-jailbreaking/). 3 Jailbreaking Information for iOS Devices | University IT(https://uit.stanford.edu/service/mydevices/jailbreak)4 What does it mean to jailbreak your phone—and is it legal? - Microsoft(https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365-life-hacks/privacy-and-safety/what-is-jailbreaking-a-phone). 5 Resetting a corporate laptop back to a personal laptop… Enterprise vs Pro - Windows 10(https://community.spiceworks.com/topic/2196812-resetting-a-corporate-laptop-back-to-a-personal-laptop-enterprise-vs-pro).

PowerShell is a scripting language that can interact with Active Directory and other Windows components. It has a built-in cmdlet called New-ADUser that can create user accounts in Active Directory. PowerShell can also use the Active Directory module to access other AD-related functions and attributes. Other languages, such as Bash, SQL, and PHP, are not designed for creating Active Directory accounts and would require additional tools or libraries to do so.

MFA stands for Multi-Factor Authentication, which is a method of verifying a user’s identity using two or more different factors of authentication. The three factors of authentication are something you know, something you have, and something you are. These factors correspond to different types of information or evidence that only the legitimate user should possess or provide. For example:

Something you know: a password, a PIN, a security question, etc.

Something you have: a smart card, a token, a mobile device, etc.

Something you are: a fingerprint, a face, an iris, etc.

MFA provides a higher level of security than single-factor authentication, which only uses one factor, such as a password. MFA reduces the risk of unauthorized access, identity theft, and data breaches, as an attacker would need to compromise more than one factor to impersonate a user. MFA is commonly used for online banking, email accounts, cloud services, and other sensitive applications

 Group Policy is a feature of Windows that allows administrators to centrally manage and configure the settings of computers and users in a domain network. Group Policy can be used to modify the default home page of all the workstations in a company by creating and applying a policy that specifies the desired URL for the home page. This way, the change will be automatically applied to all the workstations that are joined to the domain and receive the policy.

This is a scenario of a potential tech support scam, where a fraudster pretends to be a technical support agent and tries to trick the user into giving them access to the computer, personal information, or money. The user should not trust any unsolicited calls from unknown people claiming to be from tech support, as they might be trying to install malware, steal data, or charge for fake services. The user should only accept calls from known people, such as their IT department, their service provider, or their software vendor, and verify their identity before logging in to the computer. The user should also report any suspicious calls to the appropriate authorities or organizations.

References:

How to protect against tech support scams1

Avoid and report Microsoft technical support scams2

How to Protect Against Technical Support Scams3

How To Recognize and Avoid Tech Support Scams4

The scenario described in the question suggests that the workstation has been infected by a ransomware, which is a type of malware that encrypts the files on the target system and demands a ransom for the decryption key12. The file extension .enc is commonly used by some ransomware variants to mark the encrypted files34. The developer is unable to open the database files manually because they are encrypted and require the decryption key, which is usually held by the attacker.

The best option for recovering the data is to utilize the backups, assuming that the backups are recent, valid, and not affected by the ransomware. Backups are copies of the data that are stored in a separate location or device, and can be used to restore the data in case of a disaster, such as a ransomware attack . By restoring the data from the backups, the developer can avoid paying the ransom and losing the data permanently.

Accessing a restore point is not a good option, because restore points are snapshots of the system settings and configuration, not the data files. Restore points can help to undo some system changes, such as installing a faulty driver or software, but they cannot recover the encrypted data files .

Rebooting into safe mode is also not a good option, because safe mode is a diagnostic mode that allows the system to run with minimal drivers and services, but it does not affect the data files. Safe mode can help to troubleshoot some system issues, such as malware infections, but it cannot decrypt the data files .

Using an AV to scan the affected files is also not a good option, because an AV is a software that can detect and remove some malware, but it cannot decrypt the data files. An AV can help to prevent or remove some ransomware infections, but it cannot recover the encrypted data files .

References1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, page 10 2: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Complete Video Course, Lesson 26 Documentation 3: How to remove .enc file virus (Ransomware virus removal guide) 4: Enc File Extension - What is an .enc file and how do I open it? : CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, page 13 : CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Complete Video Course, Lesson 26 Documentation : What is a restore point? : How to use System Restore on Windows 10 : [What is Safe Mode?] : [How to boot into Safe Mode on Windows 10] : CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, page 10 : [Can antivirus software remove ransomware?]

Configuring remote wipe allows the device owner or administrator to erase all the data on the device remotely, in case it is lost or stolen. This prevents unauthorized access to confidential data and reduces the risk of data breaches. Installing a VPN, implementing location tracking, and enabling backups are useful features, but they do not directly limit the loss of data if the device is compromised. References: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, Domain 2.0: Security, Objective 2.5: Given a scenario, use methods to secure mobile devices.

Windows is the operating system that typically requires the most computing resources from the host computer, compared to the other options. Computing resources include hardware components such as CPU, RAM, disk space, graphics card, and network adapter. The minimum system requirements for an operating system indicate the minimum amount of computing resources needed to install and run the operating system on a computer. The higher the minimum system requirements, the more computing resources the operating system consumes.

According to the web search results, the minimum system requirements for Windows 10 and Windows 11 are as follows12:

CPU: 1 GHz or faster with two or more cores (Windows 10); 1 GHz or faster with two or more cores on a compatible 64-bit processor (Windows 11)

RAM: 1 GB for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit (Windows 10); 4 GB (Windows 11)

Disk space: 16 GB for 32-bit or 32 GB for 64-bit (Windows 10); 64 GB (Windows 11)

Graphics card: DirectX 9 or later with WDDM 1.0 driver (Windows 10); DirectX 12 compatible with WDDM 2.0 driver (Windows 11)

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi (Windows 10); Ethernet or Wi-Fi that supports 5 GHz (Windows 11)

The minimum system requirements for macOS Ventura are as follows:

CPU: Intel Core i3 or higher, or Apple M1 chip

RAM: 4 GB

Disk space: 35.5 GB

Graphics card: Metal-capable

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi

The minimum system requirements for Chrome OS are as follows:

CPU: Intel Celeron or higher

RAM: 2 GB

Disk space: 16 GB

Graphics card: Integrated

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi

The minimum system requirements for Android are as follows:

CPU: 1 GHz or higher

RAM: 512 MB

Disk space: 8 GB

Graphics card: OpenGL ES 2.0

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi

The minimum system requirements for Linux vary depending on the distribution, but a common example is Ubuntu, which has the following minimum system requirements:

CPU: 2 GHz dual core processor or better

RAM: 4 GB

Disk space: 25 GB

Graphics card: 1024 x 768 screen resolution

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi

Based on the comparison of the minimum system requirements, Windows has the highest requirements for CPU, RAM, disk space, and graphics card, while Chrome OS and Android have the lowest requirements. macOS and Linux have moderate requirements, depending on the hardware and software configuration. Therefore, Windows is the operating system that typically requires the most computing resources from the host computer.

References:

Windows, macOS, Chrome OS, or Linux: Which Operating System Is Right for You?1

Comparison of operating systems3

Windows 10 vs 11 Minimum System Requirements: Why Need a New One?2

macOS Monterey - Technical Specifications

Chrome OS - Wikipedia

Android - Wikipedia

Installation/SystemRequirements - Community Help Wiki

The protocol that most likely allowed the data theft to occur is SMB over TCP port 445. SMB is a network file sharing protocol that enables access to files, printers, and other resources on a network. Port 445 is used by SMB to communicate directly over TCP without the need for NetBIOS, which is an older and less secure protocol. The security log shows that the source IP address 192.168.1.1 sent a file named secrets.zip using SMB protocol to the destination IP address 192.168.1.50, which captured the file. The Windows firewall information shows that port 445 is enabled for inbound and outbound traffic, which means that it is not blocked by the firewall. Therefore, port 445 is the most likely port that was exploited by the attacker to steal the data from the corporate laptop.

References:

SMB port number: Ports 445, 139, 138, and 137 explained1

What is an SMB Port + Ports 445 and 139 Explained2

CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives3

The customer’s web browser is likely infected by a browser hijacker, which is a type of malware that changes the browser’s settings and redirects the user to malicious websites. A browser hijacker can also steal the user’s personal data, display unwanted ads, and install more malware on the device. To remove a browser hijacker, the user should first uninstall the browser from the Control Panel, then scan the device with an antivirus or anti-malware program, and finally install a trusted browser from a legitimate source. Deleting the browser cookies and history, resetting the browser settings, or changing the browser default search engine may not be enough to get rid of the browser hijacker, as it may have embedded itself into the system or other browser components. 

The ext3 file system is a Linux native file system that meets the requirements of the question. It has the following features:

All changes are tracked. The ext3 file system uses a journaling mechanism that records all changes to the file system metadata in a special log called the journal before applying them to the actual file system. This ensures that the file system can be restored to a consistent state in case of a power failure or system crash12.

The possibility of file corruption is reduced. The journaling feature of ext3 also reduces the possibility of file corruption, as it avoids the need for a full file system check after an unclean shutdown. The file system can be quickly replayed from the journal and any inconsistencies can be fixed12.

Data recovery is easy. The ext3 file system supports undeletion of files using tools such as ext3grep or extundelete, which can scan the file system for deleted inodes and attempt to recover the data blocks associated with them34.

References:

1: Introduction to Linux File System [Structure and Types] - MiniTool1 2: 7 Ways to Determine the File System Type in Linux (Ext2, Ext3 or Ext4) - Tecmint3 3: How to Recover Deleted Files in Linux with ext3grep 4: How to Recover Deleted Files from ext3 Partitions

VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a remote access tool that allows the technician to access and control various Windows, Linux, and macOS desktops on the company LAN using a graphical user interface. VNC does not require an external internet connection, as it works over a local network or a VPN. VNC uses a client-server model, where the server runs on the remote desktop and the client connects to it from another device. VNC can transmit the keyboard and mouse events from the client to the server, and the screen updates from the server to the client, enabling the technician to interact with the remote desktop as if it were local12.

VNC is a better option than the other choices because:

RMM (Remote Monitoring and Management) (B) is not a single software solution, but a category of software solutions that enable IT professionals to remotely monitor, manage, and troubleshoot multiple devices and networks. RMM software may include remote access tools, but also other features such as patch management, backup and recovery, security, reporting, and automation. RMM software may require an external internet connection, as it often relies on cloud-based services or web-based consoles34.

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) © is a remote access tool that allows the technician to access and control Windows desktops on the company LAN using a graphical user interface. However, RDP is not compatible with Linux or macOS desktops, unless they have third-party software installed that can emulate or translate the RDP protocol. RDP also has some security and performance issues, such as encryption vulnerabilities, bandwidth consumption, and latency problems56.

SSH (Secure Shell) (D) is a remote access tool that allows the technician to access and control various Windows, Linux, and macOS desktops on the company LAN using a command-line interface. SSH does not require an external internet connection, as it works over a local network or a VPN. SSH uses encryption and authentication to secure the communication between the client and the server. However, SSH does not provide a graphical user interface, which may limit the functionality and usability of the remote desktop7 .

References:

1: What is VNC? - Definition from Techopedia1 2: How VNC Works - RealVNC2 3: What is Remote Monitoring and Management (RMM)? - Definition from Techopedia3 4: What is RMM Software? - NinjaRMM4 5: What is Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)? - Definition from Techopedia5 6: Remote Desktop Protocol: What it is and how to secure it - CSO Online6 7: What is Secure Shell (SSH)? - Definition from Techopedia7 : How to Use SSH to Access a Remote Server in Linux or Windows - Hostinger Tutorials

Remote network installation is the best option for configuring a new server that requires a bare-metal installation without installation media on site. A remote network installation is a method of installing an operating system or an application over a network connection, such as LAN, WAN, or Internet. A remote network installation can use various protocols, such as PXE, HTTP, FTP, or SMB, to access the installation files from a server or a cloud service. A remote network installation can also use various tools, such as Windows Deployment Services, Microsoft Deployment Toolkit, or Red Hat Kickstart, to automate and customize the installation process. A remote network installation can save time and resources by eliminating the need for physical media and allowing centralized management of multiple installations. Image deployment, recovery partition installation, and repair installation are not correct answers for this question. Image deployment is a method of installing an operating system or an application by copying a preconfigured image file to a target device. Image deployment requires an existing image file and a compatible device. Recovery partition installation is a method of restoring an operating system or an application from a hidden partition on the hard disk that contains the original factory settings. Recovery partition installation requires an existing recovery partition and a functional hard disk. Repair installation is a method of fixing an operating system or an application that is corrupted or damaged by replacing or repairing the system files without affecting the user data or settings. Repair installation requires an existing operating system or application and a working device. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 16

CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam …, page 106

A static entry is the best option to restore communication for the new machine in a small branch office that does not have a DHCP server. A static entry means manually configuring the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server for the network adapter of the machine. A static entry ensures that the machine has a valid and unique IP address that matches the network configuration and can communicate with the rest of the network.

The new machine automatically receives the IP address of 169.254.0.2 because it uses APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing), which is a feature that enables computers to self-assign an IP address when a DHCP server is not available. However, APIPA only works for local communication within the same subnet, and does not provide a default gateway or a DNS server. Therefore, the new machine is unable to communicate with the rest of the network, which may be on a different subnet or require a gateway or a DNS server to access.

The other options are not related to restoring communication for the new machine. ARP table is a cache that stores the mapping between IP addresses and MAC addresses for the devices on the network. NTP specification is a protocol that synchronizes the clocks of the devices on the network.

References:

CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives1

CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Certification Study Guide2

What is APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)? - Study-CCNA3

How to Configure a Static IP Address in Windows and OS X4

Remotely wiping the device is the best option to prevent unauthorized access to the company data stored on the phone. A low-level format, degaussing, or providing the GPS location of the device are not feasible or effective actions to take in this scenario.

References: The Official CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Guide1, page 315.

BitLocker is a Windows security feature that provides encryption for entire volumes, addressing the threats of data theft or exposure from lost, stolen, or inappropriately decommissioned devices1. BitLocker is available on supported devices running Windows 10 or 11 Pro, Enterprise, or Education2. Windows 10 Home does not support BitLocker3, and Windows 10 Embedded is designed for specialized devices and does not offer BitLocker as a feature4. Therefore, the most appropriate Windows 10 edition for a single user who wants to encrypt a hard drive with BitLocker is Professional.

References1: BitLocker overview - Windows Security | Microsoft Learn2: Device encryption in Windows - Microsoft Support3: Can You Turn on BitLocker on Windows 10 Home?4: How to enable device encryption on Windows 10 Home

The best solution for a technician to implement is to disable the browser from sending notifications to the Action Center. This will prevent the random advertisement notifications from appearing in the Windows 10 Action Center, which can be annoying and distracting for the user. The technician can follow these steps to disable the browser notifications1:

Open the browser that is sending the notifications, such as Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, or Mozilla Firefox.

Go to the browser settings or options menu, and look for the privacy and security section.

Find the option to manage site permissions or notifications, and click on it.

You will see a list of sites that are allowed or blocked from sending notifications to the browser and the Action Center. You can either block all sites from sending notifications, or select specific sites that you want to block or allow.

Save the changes and close the browser settings.

This solution is better than the other options because:

Running a full antivirus scan on the computer (B) is not necessary, as the advertisement notifications are not malicious or harmful, and they are not caused by a virus or malware infection. Running a scan will not stop the notifications from appearing, and it will consume system resources and time.

Disabling all Action Center notifications © is not advisable, as the Action Center is a useful feature that shows notifications and alerts from various apps and system events, such as email, calendar, security, updates, etc. Disabling all notifications will make the user miss important information and reminders, and reduce the functionality of the Action Center.

Moving specific site notifications from Allowed to Block (D) is not the best solution, as it will only stop the notifications from some sites, but not from others. The user may still receive advertisement notifications from other sites that are not blocked, or from new sites that are added to the Allowed list. This solution will also require the user to manually manage the list of sites, which can be tedious and time-consuming.

References:

1: How to Disable Annoying Browser Notifications - PCMag

A knowledge base is a centralized repository of information that can be used by technicians to find solutions to common problems, best practices, troubleshooting guides, and other useful resources12. Updating the knowledge base with the details of the issue and the resolution can help other technicians who encounter similar issues in the future. It can also reduce the number of tickets and improve customer satisfaction3.

References1: The Official CompTIA A+ Core 2 Student Guide (Exam 220-1102), page 10-11 2: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, page 13 3: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Certification Study Guide, page 10-12

The sfc command is a tool for scanning and repairing system files that are corrupted or missing on Windows operating systems12. System files are essential files that are required for the proper functioning of the operating system, such as the GUI, drivers, services, and applications. If system files are damaged or deleted, the operating system may fail to start or run properly, causing errors, crashes, or blue screens.

The sfc command can be used to fix the issue of the PC that is unable to start the GUI, assuming that the problem is caused by corrupted or missing system files. The sfc command can be run from the command prompt, which can be accessed by booting the PC from the installation media, choosing the repair option, and selecting the command prompt option3. The sfc command can be used with different switches, such as /scannow, /verifyonly, /scanfile, or /offbootdir, depending on the situation and the desired action4. The most common switch is /scannow, which scans all the system files and repairs any problems that are found5. The syntax of the sfc command with the /scannow switch is:

sfc /scannow

The sfc command will then scan and repair the system files, and display the results on the screen. If the sfc command is able to fix the system files, the PC should be able to start the GUI normally after rebooting. If the sfc command is unable to fix the system files, the PC may need further troubleshooting or a clean installation of Windows.

References1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, page 10 2: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Complete Video Course, Lesson 26 Documentation 3: How to use SFC Scannow to repair Windows system files 4: SFC Command (System File Checker) 5: How to Repair Windows 10 using Command Prompt

NTFS stands for New Technology File System and it is the preferred filesystem for Microsoft Windows OS since Windows NT 3.1 in 19931. NTFS replaced FAT (File Allocation Table) as the default filesystem for Windows because it offers many advantages over FAT, such as:

Support for larger volumes and files (up to 16 exabytes)2

Support for file compression, encryption, and permissions2

Support for journaling, which records changes to the filesystem and helps recover from errors2

Support for hard links, symbolic links, and mount points2

Support for long filenames and Unicode characters2

FAT32 is an improved version of FAT that supports larger volumes and files (up to 32 GB and 4 GB respectively) and is compatible with older versions of Windows and other operating systems3. However, FAT32 still has many limitations and drawbacks compared to NTFS, such as:

No support for file compression, encryption, and permissions3

No support for journaling, which makes it vulnerable to corruption and data loss3

No support for hard links, symbolic links, and mount points3

No support for long filenames and Unicode characters3

APFS (Apple File System) is the default filesystem for macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS since 20174. APFS replaced HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus) as the preferred filesystem for Apple devices because it offers many advantages over HFS+, such as:

Support for larger volumes and files (up to 8 zettabytes)4

Support for file cloning, snapshots, and encryption4

Support for space sharing, which allows multiple volumes to share the same storage pool4

Support for fast directory sizing, which improves performance and efficiency4

ext4 (Fourth Extended Filesystem) is the default filesystem for most Linux distributions since 20085. ext4 replaced ext3 as the preferred filesystem for Linux because it offers many advantages over ext3, such as:

Support for larger volumes and files (up to 1 exabyte and 16 terabytes respectively)5

Support for extents, which reduce fragmentation and improve performance5

Support for journal checksumming, which improves reliability and reduces recovery time5

Support for delayed allocation, which improves efficiency and reduces metadata overhead5

References:

1: NTFS - Wikipedia 2: [NTFS vs FAT32 vs exFAT: What’s the Difference?] 3: [FAT32 - Wikipedia] 4: [Apple File System - Wikipedia] 5: [ext4 - Wikipedia] : NTFS vs FAT32 vs exFAT: What’s the Difference? : FAT32 - Wikipedia : Apple File System - Wikipedia : ext4 - Wikipedia

Classification: a) Phishing

This email is a phishing attempt, as it tries to trick the user into clicking on a malicious link that could compromise their account or personal information. Some suspicious items in this email are:

The email has a generic greeting and does not address the user by name.

The email has spelling errors, such as “unusal” and “Locaked”.

The email uses a sense of urgency and fear to pressure the user into clicking on the link.

The email does not match the official format or domain of the IT Help Desk at CompTIA.

The email has two black bat icons, which are not related to CompTIA or IT support.

The appropriate resolution for this email is A. Report email to Information Security. The user should not click on the link, reply to the email, or provide any personal or account information. The user should forward the email to the Information Security team or use a professional email form to report the phishing attempt. The user should also delete the email from their inbox and trash folder.

The suspicious items to select are:

b) From address

d) Hyperlinks

These items indicate that the email is not from a legitimate source and that the link is potentially malicious. The other items are not suspicious in this case, as the to address is the user’s own email and there are no attachments.

Classification: b) Spam

This email is a spam email, as it is an unsolicited and unwanted message that tries to persuade the user to participate in a survey and claim a reward. Some suspicious items in this email are:

The email offers a free wireless headphone as an incentive, which is too good to be true.

The email does not provide any details about the survey company, such as its name, address, or contact information.

The email contains an external survey link, which may lead to a malicious or fraudulent website.

The email does not have an unsubscribe option, which is required by law for commercial emails.

The appropriate resolution for this email is C. Unsubscribe. The user should look for an unsubscribe link or button at the bottom of the email and follow the instructions to opt out of receiving future emails from the sender. The user should also mark the email as spam or junk in their email client, which will help filter out similar emails in the future. The user should not click on the survey link, reply to the email, or provide any personal or financial information.

Classification: c) Legitimate

This email is a legitimate email, as it is from a trusted source and has a valid purpose. There are no suspicious items in this email, as the from address, the to address, the attachment, and the email body are all consistent and relevant. The appropriate resolution for this email is B. Perform no additional actions. The user can open the attachment and review the orientation material as instructed. The user does not need to report, unsubscribe, or delete this email.

Classification: a) Phishing

This email is a phishing attempt, as it tries to deceive the user into downloading and running a malicious attachment that could compromise their system or data. Some suspicious items in this email are:

The email has a generic greeting and does not address the user by name or username.

The email has an urgent tone and claims that a security patch needs to be installed immediately.

The email has an attachment named “patch1.exe”, which is an executable file that could contain malware or ransomware.

The email does not match the official format or domain of CompTIA Information Security.

The appropriate resolution for this email is A. Report email to Information Security. The user should not open the attachment, reply to the email, or provide any personal or account information. The user should forward the email to the Information Security team or use a professional email form to report the phishing attempt. The user should also delete the email from their inbox and trash folder.

Classification: c) Legitimate

This email is a legitimate email, as it is from a trusted source and has a valid purpose. There are no suspicious items in this email, as the from address, the to address, and the email body are all consistent and relevant. The appropriate resolution for this email is B. Perform no additional actions. The user can reply to the email and thank the sender for the interview opportunity. The user does not need to report, unsubscribe, or delete this email.

Linux is the most commonly used operating system in embedded systems because it is open source, free, customizable, and supports a wide range of architectures and devices. Linux also offers many advantages for embedded development, such as real-time capabilities, modularity, security, scalability, and reliability. Linux can run on embedded systems with limited resources, such as memory, storage, or power, and can be tailored to the specific needs of the application. Linux also has a large and active community of developers and users who contribute to its improvement and innovation. Some examples of embedded systems that use Linux are smart TVs, routers, drones, robots, smart watches, and IoT devices

Ease of Access is a utility in the Control Panel that allows users to adjust various accessibility settings on Windows, such as the on-screen keyboard, magnifier, narrator, high contrast, etc. The on-screen keyboard can be turned on by going to Ease of Access > Keyboard and toggling the switch to On12. Alternatively, the on-screen keyboard can be opened by pressing Windows + Ctrl + O keys or by typing osk.exe in the Run dialog box3.

References: 1 Use the On-Screen Keyboard (OSK) to type(https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/use-the-on-screen-keyboard-osk-to-type-ecbb5e08-5b4e-d8c8-f794-81dbf896267a)2 How to Enable or Disable the On-Screen Keyboard in Windows 10 - Lifewire(https://www.lifewire.com/enable-or-disable-on-screen-keyboard-in-windows-10-5180667)3 On-Screen Keyboard Settings, Tips and Tricks in Windows 11/10(https://www.thewindowsclub.com/windows-onscreen-keyboard).

The hostname command-line tool is used to display the name of the local machine. This information can be crucial for identifying the device within a network, especially when setting up remote access or sharing resources like folders and printers. Unlike other command-line tools that provide more detailed network diagnostics or configuration details, hostname straightforwardly offers the device's network identification, making it suitable for the scenario described.References: Official CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2 Student Guide​​.

If a user’s iPhone is permanently locked after several failed log-in attempts, the user will need to use the recovery contact and recovery key to restore access, applications, and data to the device. The recovery contact is a trusted person who can receive a verification code from Apple and share it with the user. The recovery key is a 28-character code that the user created when setting up two-factor authentication for their Apple ID. The user will need to enter both the verification code and the recovery key on another device or computer to unlock their iPhone. This method will erase the iPhone and restore it from the iCloud backup

To import a new digital certificate and place it in the proper location, the technician should use the "Internet Options" utility in the Control Panel. This utility allows users to manage various settings related to internet connections and security, including the import and management of digital certificates under the "Content" tab.

B. Network and Sharing Center is used for managing network connections and sharing settings but not for managing digital certificates.

C. Credential Manager is used to store and manage login credentials for websites and applications but not for importing digital certificates.

D. Security and Maintenance provides an overview of the security and maintenance status of the system but does not directly handle digital certificate management.

References:

CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Exam Objectives, Section 1.4: Using Control Panel utilities including Internet Options for managing digital certificates​​.

Installing new software on an organization’s system or device can have various implications, such as compatibility, security, performance, licensing, and compliance issues. Therefore, it is important to follow the best practices for software installation, such as doing research on the software, checking the system requirements, scanning the installation file for malware, and obtaining the proper license345. The technician should not install the software without formal approval from the management team, as this could violate the organization’s policies or regulations. The technician should also not install the software without investigating the software and its impact on the organization, as this could introduce potential risks or problems to the system or device. The technician should indicate to the developer that formal approval is needed, and then work with the IT team to evaluate the software and its suitability for the organization before installing it

When a systems administrator needs to access a hypervisor and the default RDP port (3389) is blocked by company policy, the administrator can use an alternative method. One common alternative is using SSH:

Port 22: This is the default port for SSH (Secure Shell), which is commonly used for secure remote access to servers and hypervisors, especially in Unix/Linux environments.

Port 23: This is the default port for Telnet, which is an unsecured protocol and generally not recommended for remote access due to security concerns.

Port 80: This is the default port for HTTP, used for web traffic, not remote access.

Port 3090: This is not a standard port for remote access protocols.

Using SSH (port 22) is a secure and widely accepted method for remote management of servers and hypervisors.

The technician should disconnect the computer from the network (Option A) first to prevent any further spread of the infection or data loss. Once the machine is isolated from the network, the technician can safely investigate the malware without risking infection to other systems.

Running an antivirus scan (Option B) comes after isolating the system.

Rebooting the computer (Option C) could lead to the loss of critical information or make it harder to diagnose the issue.

Educating the user (Option D) is important but should happen after resolving the immediate issue.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

3.3 - Best practices for malware removal, including isolating the system first​.

Time drift occurs when the internal clock of a computer is not properly synchronized, often leading to discrepancies like being an hour behind. In this case, the workstation is the only device affected, indicating that it's likely a local issue. Time drift can happen if the system clock isn't syncing properly with an NTP (Network Time Protocol) server or if automatic daylight savings adjustments aren't enabled. It's less likely to be a CMOS battery issue since the technician has already verified the correct date and the system clock isn’t completely reset (which is what happens when the CMOS battery fails).

References:

Troubleshooting Time Synchronization Issues in Windows​ (Help Desk Geek)​ (Zendesk)

For an inexpensive file server to share photos and videos while avoiding complicated licensing, the technician should recommend:

Linux: Linux is a free and open-source operating system that is ideal for setting up a file server. It offers robust file-sharing capabilities with minimal licensing complications.

Chrome OS: Designed primarily for lightweight, web-based tasks and not ideal for a file server.

macOS: Requires Apple hardware and involves more complex licensing compared to Linux.

Windows: While capable of being a file server, Windows may involve licensing fees, particularly for server editions.

Rebooting the computer into safe mode (Option B) limits the processes and services that run, which can help in isolating and removing persistent malware that might be hiding in normal mode. Safe mode provides a cleaner environment to troubleshoot and remove malware.

Restoring from a backup (Option A) may work but should be considered after attempts to clean the infection.

Purchasing a new endpoint protection tool (Option C) is unnecessary at this stage since existing tools can be run in safe mode.

Using system recovery (Option D) could potentially remove the infection, but it's a more drastic step that may not be necessary yet.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

3.3 - Best practices for malware removal, including booting into safe mode

To configure a new SSD, the technician would use diskmgmt.msc (Disk Management) and diskpart.msc (Diskpart). These tools allow for partitioning, formatting, and managing the SSD. Disk Management is a graphical utility that provides easy access to these tasks, while Diskpart is a command-line tool with advanced features for disk configuration.

Diskmgmt.msc: A GUI-based tool used to manage disk partitions.

Diskpart.msc: A command-line utility used for advanced disk configuration.

In change management, the scope of a project lists all the changes that are taking place. The scope ensures that all team members understand the boundaries and extent of the project, helping to prevent unexpected changes. Here’s a

Scope: Defines the project's boundaries and deliverables, including all the planned changes. It ensures that everyone involved understands what is included and excluded in the project, minimizing unexpected changes.

Risk analysis: Identifies potential risks and their impact but does not list the changes.

Rollback plan: Provides a strategy for reverting changes if something goes wrong but does not list changes.

Review: Involves evaluating changes but does not compile the list of changes.

The first step is to disconnect external storage (Option A). Sometimes, the system may be attempting to boot from an external drive or USB device instead of the internal hard drive. By removing the external storage, the system will attempt to boot from the correct drive.

Flashing the BIOS (Option B) is more complex and typically unnecessary for this issue.

Replacing the SATA cable (Option C) may help if there's a hardware issue, but it's not the first troubleshooting step.

Turning on the device in safe mode (Option D) would not work if no operating system is detected.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

5.1 - Apply troubleshooting methodologies, including steps for resolving boot issues​​.

Using bootable antivirus media to scan the system is an effective method for removing a persistent virus. Booting from external antivirus media allows the system to scan for and remove malware without the infected operating system running, which can prevent the virus from hiding or resisting removal efforts that might occur within the active OS environment.

The first step is to check running applications (Option B). Applications running in the background could consume a lot of battery and processing power, causing slow performance and battery drain. By identifying and closing or uninstalling these apps, the technician can resolve the issue more effectively.

Uninstalling unused programs (Option A) might help, but checking active applications is more immediate.

Updating the mobile OS (Option C) can improve performance but is not the first step in this scenario.

Disabling network services (Option D) might help reduce battery drain but does not address potential app-related issues.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

3.4 - Troubleshoot common mobile OS and application issues, including battery and performance concerns​.

Journaling is a feature that helps maintain the integrity of the filesystem by keeping a record of changes not yet committed to the main file system. This feature is supported by various filesystems, but not all.

Option A: NTFSNTFS (New Technology File System) is a filesystem used by Windows that supports journaling. This makes it resilient to corruption from unexpected shutdowns or crashes by keeping a log of file changes.

Option B: exFATexFAT (Extended File Allocation Table) does not support journaling. It is optimized for flash drives and large files but lacks advanced features like journaling.

Option C: HFSHFS (Hierarchical File System) is an older filesystem used by Apple. HFS+ (also known as Mac OS Extended) supports journaling, but HFS itself does not.

Option D: ext2ext2 (Second Extended File System) is a filesystem for Linux that does not support journaling. Its successor, ext3, introduced journaling.

References:

CompTIA A+ 220-1102 Objective 1.8 (Explain common OS types and their purposes), particularly filesystems and their features​​.

One of the key environmental benefits of using virtualization is the reduction in physical space requirements. Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical server, reducing the need for multiple physical servers. This consolidation leads to fewer physical machines, saving space in data centers and reducing the overall physical footprint.

A. Greater energy consumption is incorrect as virtualization typically leads to reduced energy consumption due to the consolidation of hardware.

B. Noise pollution can be reduced because fewer physical machines often mean less overall noise.

D. Fewer maintenance needs is a possible benefit but not directly related to environmental effects like reduced space requirements.

References:

CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Exam Objectives, Section 4.5: Summarizing environmental impacts and local environmental controls, including the benefits of virtualization​​.

The inability to launch the expected security policy snap-in is likely because the computer is running Windows Home edition, which does not include the Group Policy Editor or certain other administrative tools available in Professional, Enterprise, and Education editions. The Home edition is designed for general consumer use and lacks some of the advanced security and management features found in higher editions.

Time Machine (Option A) is macOS's built-in backup application. It allows users to automatically back up their entire system, including apps, music, photos, emails, and system files. Time Machine provides an easy way to restore files from a previous state or recover from a system failure.

FileVault (Option B) is used for encrypting data, not for backups.

Keychain (Option C) is a password management tool.

Mission Control (Option D) manages open windows and desktops but has no backup functionality.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

1.10 - Features and tools of macOS, including backup options like Time Machine​​.

When a user experiences slow web page loading on their phone while in the office, the most likely cause is:

High network traffic: In an office environment, many devices are often connected to the network simultaneously, which can lead to congestion and slow internet speeds. High network traffic means more devices are competing for the same bandwidth, causing delays.

Exceeded the data usage limit: This typically applies to cellular data plans, not Wi-Fi in an office setting.

Sluggish response time: This is a symptom rather than a cause and can result from high network traffic.

Degraded network service: While this could be a factor, it is broader and less specific than high network traffic, which is more directly related to the user's experience.

XFS is a high-performance filesystem created by Silicon Graphics in 1994 and is commonly used by Linux operating systems. It supports large files and directories and is known for its robustness and scalability. Other filesystems like NTFS (Windows), APFS (macOS), and HFS (macOS) are used on different platforms.

The next step after isolating the system is to perform a system scan to remove the malware (Option C). Since ransomware is suspected, running a comprehensive malware scan can help identify and remove the malicious software. It is crucial to deal with the active threat before taking further actions.

Scheduling an antivirus scan and system update (Option A) may help, but the immediate concern is identifying and removing the ransomware.

Educating the end user (Option B) is important but should happen after the immediate threat is resolved.

Creating a system restore point (Option D) would not be useful at this point since the system is infected.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

2.3 - Detect, remove, and prevent malware, including handling ransomware​.

Linux is known for its high degree of customizability and flexibility, making it an ideal choice for organizations looking to deploy a customizable operating system. Unlike proprietary operating systems, Linux allows users to modify or replace almost any part of the system, from the kernel to the desktop environment and applications, to suit their specific needs.

Linux: This open-source operating system provides access to the source code, enabling extensive customization. Organizations can tailor Linux distributions to fit specific requirements, making it a popular choice for servers, specialized workstation environments, and embedded systems.

Windows 10 (A) and macOS (B) offer some level of customization but are more restricted due to their proprietary nature. Chrome OS (D) is designed for simplicity and security, focusing on web applications, which limits deep system-level customizations. iOS (E) is designed for Apple's mobile devices and is not applicable for organizational deployment beyond mobile and tablet devices; it also offers limited customization compared to Linux.

The most likely solution to this issue is to enable cellular data. After a business trip, the user may have disabled cellular data to avoid roaming charges, or the phone may have been set to Wi-Fi only for internet access. Enabling cellular data would restore internet access outside of Wi-Fi networks.

For rendering video, the most critical component a customer should prioritize in a desktop is:

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): The GPU is specifically designed to handle complex graphics and video rendering tasks. A powerful GPU will significantly improve performance in video rendering applications.

NIC (Network Interface Card): Important for network connectivity but irrelevant for video rendering.

USB: Useful for peripherals but does not impact video rendering capabilities.

HDMI: An important output interface for connecting monitors but not crucial for the rendering process itself.

When a user's laptop shuts down every time the lid is closed, it typically means that the power settings are configured to put the laptop into a shutdown state when the lid is closed. To remediate this issue:

Edit the power plan: This involves changing the settings for what happens when the laptop lid is closed.

Go to Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Power Options.

Click on "Choose what closing the lid does."

Change the settings for "When I close the lid" to either "Sleep" or "Do nothing" instead of "Shut down."

Configure the sleep settings: While similar to editing the power plan, this option specifically adjusts the sleep settings rather than the overall power plan settings.

Disable hibernation: This is a less direct solution but could be considered if the laptop was set to hibernate and then experiencing issues.

Turn on fast startup: This setting affects how quickly the computer starts up from a shutdown, but it does not directly address the issue of what happens when the lid is closed.

The first step in securing a newly installed SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) wireless router is to ensure it has the latest firmware installed. Firmware updates often include important security patches and new features that protect the router from known vulnerabilities. Other actions, like disabling unused ports or guest accounts, can be useful for hardening the security, but they should come after the router is running the most recent and secure version of its firmware.

References:

CompTIA A+ Core 2 Objectives, Domain 2.1: Best Practices for Securing a SOHO Network​ (ProfMesser)​ (Whizlabs)

An .iso file is a disk image file that needs to be mounted or burned to a physical or virtual drive. When the technician is prompted to mount the drive, it indicates that the file is an ISO, and they must mount it to proceed with the installation.

Phishing attacks are typically delivered via email, so the most effective immediate measure is to filter out these malicious emails.

Enabling Windows Firewall: Helps protect against network threats but does not specifically address phishing emails.

Activating the email spam filter: Directly targets phishing attempts by filtering and blocking suspicious emails before they reach the user.

Using a secure VPN connection: Enhances secure communications but does not prevent phishing attacks.

Running vulnerability scans on a schedule: Identifies and mitigates vulnerabilities but does not address phishing emails directly.

The first step is to check the system event logs using tools like Event Viewer. This will allow the technician to identify any critical errors or warnings that occurred before the restart. Based on these logs, further troubleshooting can be done. Verifying driver versions and performing diagnostics can follow once the root cause is identified.

Random restarting of an Android phone and the presence of applications not from the standard marketplace strongly suggest the possibility of malware.

Option A: The OS update failedWhile an OS update failure can cause issues, it is less likely to result in random restarts compared to malware.

Option B: The user downloaded malwareMalware is a common cause of erratic behavior, including random restarts, especially when applications are installed from unofficial sources.

Option C: The device is in developer modeDeveloper mode alone does not typically cause random restarts. It may make the device more susceptible to issues if improper apps are installed.

Option D: The over-the-air carrier update failedSimilar to the OS update, this would more likely cause consistent issues rather than random restarts.

References:

CompTIA A+ 220-1102 Objective 2.3 (Detect, remove, and prevent malware) and Objective 3.5 (Mobile OS and application security issues)​​.

The technician should quarantine the system first1

A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. In this scenario, the user is concerned about an installed application transmitting data in the background, so a firewall would be the best solution to address their concern. By installing and configuring a firewall, the user can block unauthorized connections to and from the device, and receive alerts whenever an application tries to access the internet.

Navigate to the Windows 10 Settings menu, select the Accounts submenu, select Sign in options, select Windows Hello Fingerprint, and have the user place a fingerprint on the fingerprint reader repeatedly until Windows indicates setup is complete. Windows Hello Fingerprint can be set up by navigating to the Windows 10 Settings menu, selecting the Accounts submenu, selecting Sign in options, and then selecting Windows Hello Fingerprint. The user will then be asked to place a fingerprint on the fingerprint reader repeatedly until Windows indicates that setup is complete. Windows Hello Fingerprint allows the user to log into the laptop using just their fingerprint, providing an additional layer of security.

The technician should add the update site to the client’s exceptions list to bypass the proxy. This can be done through the client’s web browser settings, where the proxy settings can be configured. By adding the update site to the exceptions list, the client will be able to access the site and download the software update.

The best ways to limit the bank’s risk are to enable multifactor authentication for each support account and enforce account lockouts after five bad password attempts. Multifactor authentication adds an extra layer of security to the login process, making it more difficult for attackers to gain access to systems. Account lockouts after five bad password attempts can help to prevent brute force attacks by locking out accounts after a certain number of failed login attempts.

One of the most important environmental concerns inside a data center is the level of humidity. High levels of humidity can cause condensation, which can result in corrosion of components and other equipment. Low levels of humidity can cause static electricity to build up, potentially leading to electrostatic discharge (ESD) and damage to components. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain a relative humidity range of 40-60% in a data center to protect the equipment and ensure proper operation.

Changing channels can best resolve interference from other nearby SSIDs. Wireless networks operate on different channels, and changing the channel can help to avoid interference from other nearby networks.

The risk analysis should be performed before it's taken to the board. The step after the board approves the change is End User Agreenment Reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ru77iZxuElA &list=PLG49S3nxzAnna96gzhJrzkii4hH_mgW4b&index=59

The type of backup that should be completed FIRST after installing a new backup and recovery system is a full backup. This is because a full backup is a complete backup of all data and is the foundation for all other backups. After a full backup is completed, other types of backups, such as differential and incremental backups, can be performed.

The incident handler should clone any impacted hard drives to preserve evidence for possible litigation1

The technician most likely needs to change the default gateway on the workstation to resolve the issue. The default gateway is the IP address of the router that connects the workstation to the internet, and it is responsible for routing traffic between the workstation and the internet. If the default gateway is incorrect, the workstation will not be able to access external web pages.

Encrypting the hard drive would most likely resolve the issue1

To help secure the device against this threat in the future, the administrator should require a PIN on the unlock screen and block a third-party application installation. Requiring a PIN on the unlock screen can help to prevent unauthorized access to the device, while blocking third-party application installation can help to prevent malicious applications from being installed on the device.

This is the most effective way to selectively prevent programs from loading on a Windows 10 machine. The Startup tab can be accessed by opening Task Manager and then selecting the Startup tab. From there, the technician can methodically disable items that are currently listed as enabled, reboot the machine, and check for issue resolution at each startup. If the issue persists, the technician can then move on to disabling the next item on the list.

This is because WPA2 with AES is the most secure wireless network configuration that is available on a ten-year-old SOHO wireless router.

The technician should escalate the ticket to ensure that the CEO’s device is returned as soon as possible1

The BEST solution for preventing data theft within the call center in this scenario would be to lock the workstations after a period of inactivity. This would prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing patient data if call center agents were to step away from their workstations without logging out.

This will ensure that the user is the only one who knows their password, and that the new password is secure. 

The CompTIA A+ Core 2 220-1002 exam covers this topic in the domain 1.4 Given a scenario, use appropriate data destruction and disposal methods.

The Ease of Access Center is a built-in utility in Windows that provides tools and options for making a computer easier to use for individuals with disabilities, including the visually impaired. In the Ease of Access Center, the technician can turn on options like high contrast display, screen magnification, and screen reader software to help the user better interact with the computer.

The technician should instruct the user to clear the browser cache and contact the bank (option A). This error indicates that the website the user is visiting is not the correct website and is likely due to a cached version of the website being stored in the user's browser. Clearing the browser cache should remove any stored versions of the website and allow the user to access the correct website. The user should also contact the bank to confirm that they are visiting the correct website and to report the error.

educating the user on common threats and how to avoid them (D) would be a good step before returning the laptop to the user. This can help prevent similar issues from happening again.

The technician opens the Apple icon menu, selects Force Quit, selects the frozen application in the list, and clicks Force Quit. This is the most common method of force quitting a program in macOS. This can be done by clicking on the Apple icon in the top left of the screen, selecting Force Quit, selecting the frozen application in the list, and then clicking Force Quit. This will force the application to quit and the spinning round cursor will disappear.

An in-place upgrade is the most efficient method for migrating from Windows 7 Pro to Windows 10 Pro, as it will retain all user files and preferences, can be done locally, and can be done one station at a time. An in-place upgrade involves installing the new version of Windows over the existing version, and can be done quickly and easily.

application that will allow a macOS user to create another virtual desktop space is Mission Control Mission Control lets you create additional desktops, called spaces, to organize the windows of your apps. You can create a space by entering Mission Control and clicking the Add button in the Spaces bar1. You can also assign apps to specific spaces and move between them easily1.

MDM stands for Mobile Device Management, and it is a way of remotely managing and securing mobile devices that are used for work purposes1. MDM can enforce policies and restrictions on the devices, such as preventing users from installing unauthorized apps, modifying system settings, or accessing root privileges2. MDM can also monitor device status, wipe data, lock devices, or locate lost or stolen devices1.

The technician's action of setting the phone to silent while troubleshooting the customer's PC is an example of avoiding distractions. By setting the phone to silent, the technician is ensuring that they are able to focus on the task at hand without any distractions that could potentially disrupt their workflow. This is an important practice when handling customer's confidential material, as it ensures that the technician is able to focus on the task and not be distracted by any external sources. Furthermore, it also adheres to user privacy policies, as the technician is not exposing any confidential information to any external sources.

The technician would most likely use the Task Manager tool to safely make this change12

The Task Manager tool can be used to disable applications from starting automatically on Windows 10

The tool that a technician would most likely use to stop an application from automatically starting when a user logs in to a Windows 10 system is the Task Manager. The Task Manager can be used to view and manage processes, including those that are set to automatically start when a user logs in to the system.

The best choice for accessing the necessary configuration to configure the desktop systems to use a new proxy server is the Internet Options utility. This utility can be found in the Control Panel and allows you to configure the proxy settings for your network connection. As stated in the CompTIA A+ Core 2 exam objectives, technicians should be familiar with the Internet Options utility and how to configure proxy settings.

The workstations and the authentication server have a system clock difference. If a Group Policy setting is applied that forces the workstations to use a specific SNTP server, but the system clock on the workstations and the authentication server are out of sync, then this can cause authentication issues and users will be unable to log in. In this case, the most likely cause of the issue is a difference in system clocks and the technician should ensure that the clocks on the workstations and the authentication server are in sync.

The technician should disable the user’s access to the device’s command shell. This will prevent the user from accessing sensitive data and will help to prevent further data leaks. The technician should then investigate the unapproved application to determine if it is the cause of the data leak. If the application is found to be the cause of the leak, the technician should uninstall the application and restore the device to factory settings. If the application is not the cause of the leak, the technician should investigate further to determine the cause of the leak. Disabling the ability to install applications from unknown sources can help to prevent future data leaks, but it is not the next step the technician should take in this scenario. Ensuring the device is connected to the corporate WiFi network is not relevant to this scenario1

The error message is indicating that the script is not associated with any program on the computer that can open and run it. This means that the script requires a runtime environment, such as Python, to be installed in order for it to execute properly. Without the appropriate runtime environment, the script will not be able to run.

The change management document that includes how to uninstall a patch is called the “rollback plan”. The rollback plan is a document that outlines the steps that should be taken to undo a change that has been made to a system. In the case of a patch, the rollback plan would include instructions on how to uninstall the patch if it causes problems or conflicts with other software12

In Windows 10, there are privacy settings that control access to certain devices, such as microphones, cameras, and other input devices. If the microphone is not enabled under these privacy settings, the VoIP application may not have access to it, causing a lack of outgoing audio.

The technician can go to the Windows 10 Settings menu, select the Privacy submenu, and under App permissions, select Microphone. The technician should then turn on the toggle switch for the VoIP application to allow it to access the microphone.

Removing the microphone from the USB hub and plugging it directly into a USB port on the PC may or may not solve the issue, as the issue could be related to the privacy settings. Deleting the microphone from Device Manager and scanning for new hardware may also not solve the issue, as the issue could be related to the privacy settings. Replacing the USB microphone with one that uses a traditional 3.5mm plug is not recommended, as it would require purchasing a new microphone and may not solve the issue.

The security benefits realized after deploying a client certificate to be used for Wi-Fi access for all devices in an organization are that all Wi-Fi traffic will be encrypted in transit. This means that any data transmitted over the Wi-Fi network will be protected from eavesdropping attempts. Rogue access points will not connect to the network because they will not have the client certificate. However, multifactor authentication will not be forced for Wi-Fi because the client certificate is being used in conjunction with the user’s existing username and password12

The most effective method for dealing with spam messages in a small business is to provide user training1. Users should be trained to recognize spam messages and avoid opening them1. They should also be trained to report spam messages to the IT department so that appropriate action can be taken1. In addition, users should be trained to avoid clicking on links or downloading attachments from unknown sources1. By providing user training, the management team can reduce the risk of users opening spam messages and potentially infecting the network systems1.

The user should verify that NFC is enabled on their phone. NFC is a technology that allows two devices to communicate with each other when they are in close proximity2.

NFC (Near Field Communication) technology allows a phone to wirelessly communicate with a payment terminal or other compatible device. In order to use NFC to make a payment or transfer information, the feature must be enabled on the phone. Therefore, the user should verify that NFC is enabled on their phone before attempting to make a payment with it. The other options, such as turning off airplane mode, connecting to Wi-Fi, or enabling Bluetooth, do not pertain to the NFC feature and are unlikely to resolve the issue. This information is covered in the Comptia A+ Core2 documents/guide under the Mobile Devices section.

The technician should use the File Explorer application to assist the user with hiding the file 1. The user can right-click the file and select Properties. In the Properties dialog box, select the Hidden check box, and then click OK 1.

The risks in running this script are that the deployment script is performing unknown actions. Running the script blindly could cause unintended actions, such as deploying malware or deleting important files, which could negatively impact the organization’s network and data1.

A name on a medical diagnosis (B) is most likely to be regulated. This is because it falls under the category of protected health information (PHI), which is subject to regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States. These regulations aim to protect the privacy and security of individuals’ health information.

The most likely cause of this issue is that a router was misconfigured and was blocking traffic. This would explain why remote users who were not connected to corporate resources did not have any issues.

Encryption is a way of protecting cardholder data by transforming it into an unreadable format that can only be decrypted with a secret key1. Backups are a way of ensuring that cardholder data is not lost or corrupted in case of a disaster or system failure2. Both encryption and backups are part of the PCI DSS requirements that apply to any entity that stores, processes, or transmits cardholder data1. The other options are not directly related to credit card data security or compliance.

The correct answers are E. Windows Defender and A. File Explorer. Windows Defender is a built-in antivirus program that can detect and remove malicious software from a workstation. File Explorer can be used to locate and delete files associated with the malicious software1

End-of-life operating systems are those which have reached the end of their life cycle and are no longer supported by the software developer. This means that the operating system will no longer receive updates, security patches, or other new features. This can leave users vulnerable to security threats, as the system will no longer be protected against the latest threats. Additionally, this can make it difficult to migrate data to a newer operating system, as the old system is no longer supported.

Although updating the anti-malware software and running scans are important steps in removing malware, they may not be sufficient to permanently remove the malware if the user keeps engaging in behaviors that leave the system vulnerable, such as downloading unknown files or visiting malicious websites. Therefore, educating the user on safe computing practices is the best way to prevent future infections and permanently remove the malware.

Enabling System Restore, Booting into safe mode, and scheduling a scan are not the most efficient ways to permanently remove the malware. Enabling System Restore and Booting into safe mode may help in some cases, but they may not be sufficient to permanently remove the malware. Scheduling a scan is also important for detecting and removing malware, but it may not be sufficient to prevent future infections.

https://partners.comptia.org/docs/default-source/resources/comptia-a-220-1102-exam-objectives-(3-0)

change management process can help ensure that owners are notified of changes being made and can monitor them for performance impact (A). This can help prevent unexpected issues from arising.

https://www.educba.com/shell-scripting-in-linux/

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/common-file-name-extensions-in-windows-da4a4430-8e76-89c5-59f7-1cdbbc75cb01

 .pkg and .dmg are files used to distribute and install applications on macOS. .pkg files are installer packages that may contain multiple files and executable code, while .dmg files are disk images that can contain a single bundled application or multiple applications. .app files are typically the main executable files for macOS applications. The other options listed are file extensions for applications or installers on other platforms (such as .deb for Debian-based Linux systems, .msi for Windows, and .apk for Android). This information is covered in the Comptia A+ Core2 documents/guide under the Mac OS section.

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:SSH allows for remote access to systems securely and discretely, suitable for verifying patch levels and other administrative tasks. This meets Core 2 objectives on using secure remote access tools (Core 2 Objective 4.9)​.

To securely access shared files and corporate email from home, the best tool to use is a Virtual Private Network (VPN). Here’s why:

VPN (Virtual Private Network): A VPN creates a secure connection over the internet, allowing the user to access the corporate network as if they were on-site. It encrypts the data transmitted between the user's home and the corporate network, ensuring privacy and security.

MSRA (Microsoft Remote Assistance): Used for remote support but not for accessing shared files and emails securely.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files but does not provide secure access to a corporate network or email.

RMM (Remote Monitoring and Management): Used by IT professionals to manage client systems remotely but not for user access to shared files and emails.

For ensuring data protection against local natural disasters and hardware failures, the best approach is to use an off-site solution that provides redundancy and is resilient to local disruptions.

Using an agent-based cloud backup solution: This method involves backing up data to a remote cloud server, providing protection against local disasters like floods, fires, or hardware failures since the data is stored off-site and can be accessed from anywhere.

Implementing a grandfather-father-son backup rotation: While effective for managing local backups, this method typically involves physical media which could still be vulnerable to local disasters.

Automating backups to a local network share: This keeps the backups within the same physical location, making them susceptible to local disasters.

Saving files manually to an external drive: This method is prone to human error and doesn't provide automated or off-site protection.

The most likely reason for the installation failure of a 64-bit software is that the operating system is incompatible, specifically if the system is running a 32-bit version of the OS. A 64-bit program requires a 64-bit operating system to run, and if the user’s OS is a 32-bit version, the software will fail to install. Other reasons, like needing administrator privileges or updating .NET, are valid but less likely since the error message would be different.

References:

Microsoft Support: 32-bit and 64-bit Windows: Frequently Asked Questions

CompTIA A+ 220-1102 Study Guide​ (CompTIA)​ (ProfMesser)

 The user can most likely make the change of extending the display to a second monitor in the System option in the Windows settings. The System option allows users to manage system settings and features, such as display, sound, notifications, power and storage. The user can extend the display to a second monitor by selecting Display from the System option and then choosing Extend these displays from the Multiple displays drop-down menu. This will allow the user to use both monitors as one large desktop area. Devices is an option in the Windows settings that allows users to add and manage devices connected to the computer, such as printers, scanners, mice and keyboards. Devices is not related to extending the display to a second monitor but to configuring device settings and preferences. Personalization is an option in the Windows settings that allows users to customize the appearance and behavior of their desktop, such as themes, colors, backgrounds, lock screen and screensaver. 

BitLocker is a full-disk encryption feature included with Windows Vista and later. It is designed to protect data by providing encryption for entire volumes. By encrypting the hard drive, BitLocker prevents unauthorized access to the data stored on the drive, securing it in case the laptop is lost or stolen. BitLocker is preferable over options like Windows Backup (which is for data recovery, not encryption), Shadow Copy (used for backup and does not encrypt data), and Trusted Platform Module (TPM, which is a hardware component used alongside BitLocker for securing encryption keys).

An image backup captures a complete snapshot of the entire system at a specific point in time, including the operating system, installed applications, user profiles, and system settings. This method is most suitable for backing up the components listed in the question because it ensures that every aspect of the workstation, from the core OS to individual user settings, is preserved and can be restored in its entirety. This is crucial for quickly recovering a system to a fully operational state after a failure or when migrating to new hardware. Other methods like differential, synthetic, and archive backups do not provide the comprehensive one-step restoration capability that an image backup offers for the complete system recovery.

Booting in safe mode is the initial step to diagnose a computer experiencing a blue screen of death (BSOD) following a failed Windows 10 update. Safe mode starts the computer with a minimal set of drivers and services, allowing troubleshooting and identification of the problematic software or driver causing the BSOD. This mode provides a safer environment to uninstall recent updates or drivers, perform system scans, and restore the system if necessary. Other options like System Restore wizard, last known-good configuration, and resetting BIOS settings may be subsequent steps but do not directly diagnose the issue as effectively as booting in safe mode.

A system image is a complete snapshot of everything on a device's storage at a given point in time, including the operating system, installed programs, system settings, and all user files. This method is the best way to back up the OS and data comprehensively because it allows for the restoration of a system to its exact state at the time the image was taken. This is particularly useful in disaster recovery scenarios where it's crucial to restore a system quickly and efficiently to minimize downtime.

In a Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) setup, the technician is most likely to configure mapped drives on a new PC. Mapped drives allow for easy access to shared resources such as files and printers on the network. This setup facilitates file sharing and collaboration within a small network, making it an essential configuration for SOHO environments.

The scenario described is characteristic of a malware tactic known as scareware, where users are tricked into installing malware through false alerts claiming that their system is infected. The anti-malware software installed in response to a pop-up is likely malicious, causing the system to run slowly and display frequent pop-ups.

The Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) is a list that indicates hardware components that are compatible with a specific software or operating system. If software installation fails due to incompliance with the HCL, it's most likely due to core hardware components like the Network Interface Card (NIC) or the Central Processing Unit (CPU) not being supported or not meeting the software's minimum hardware requirements. The PSU, KVM, RAM, and DVI are less likely to directly impact software compatibility as defined by the HCL.

When an email is encrypted and the recipient cannot open it, the issue typically revolves around the need for encryption keys. Encryption keys are used to encode and decode the email content, ensuring that only authorized recipients with the correct key can access the information. In this scenario, the user would need to receive the appropriate decryption key from the sender to unlock and read the encrypted email. This exchange ensures that sensitive information remains secure during transmission and is only accessible to intended recipients.

A boot sector virus infects the master boot record (MBR) of a hard drive, the sector that contains information required to start the operating system after the computer is turned on. This type of virus is particularly insidious because it loads into memory immediately upon booting and before most antivirus programs start. This makes it possible for the virus to evade detection and removal, and can easily reinfect a system even after the operating system is reinstalled if the boot sector is not cleaned.

Boot sector virus: Given that the malware infection returned after the OS reinstallation, it's likely that the virus was not removed from the boot sector during the reinstallation process. Reinstalling the OS without cleaning the boot sector won't remove the infection, allowing the virus to continue to affect the system.

Other options:

Trojan: A Trojan is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software. While Trojans can be persistent, the reinstallation of the OS should remove any Trojans unless they are reintroduced after installation.

Spyware: Spyware is designed to gather information about a person or organization without their knowledge. Like Trojans, spyware should be removed with an OS reinstallation unless it is reintroduced in some way.

Rootkit: Rootkits are designed to enable continued privileged access to a computer while actively hiding their presence. While a rootkit could potentially survive an OS reinstall if it infects the firmware or certain areas outside the OS, the scenario described points more specifically to a boot sector virus, especially considering the immediate return of the infection after OS reinstallation.

In Windows 10, the "Network & Internet" settings category is where users can manage all network-related configurations, including Wi-Fi connections. To connect to a Wi-Fi network, users need to input the network's SSID (Service Set Identifier) and the corresponding password. This section allows users to view available networks, enter credentials for secure networks, and manage other network features such as airplane mode, VPN, and mobile hotspot settings.

For issues related to constant, unwanted pop-ups and browser window problems, a careful approach that minimizes impact to the user's data and productivity is advisable:

Perform a full-system, antivirus scan: This step involves using antivirus software to scan the entire system for malware or adware that might be causing the pop-ups and browser issues.

Check browser notifications: Some unwanted pop-ups may result from browser notification permissions inadvertently granted to malicious or spammy websites. Reviewing and adjusting these settings can help stop the pop-ups.

If a technician is unable to run an OS installation file and receives a message indicating no software is installed to handle the file, the next step is to mount the ISO file. Mounting the ISO will create a virtual drive from which the installation can be run, mimicking the behavior of a physical installation media.

OSX (now macOS) is an operating system that is considered closed source, meaning that its source code is not publicly available or modifiable by anyone except its developers. It is owned and maintained by Apple Inc. Ubuntu, Android and CentOS are operating systems that are considered open source, meaning that their source code is publicly available and modifiable by anyone who wants to contribute or customize them. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/open-source-vs-closed-source-software https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Zombies and botnets are terms that describe the types of infections that can cause internal workstations to participate in a DDoS (distributed denial-of-service) attack. A DDoS attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt the normal functioning of a website or a network by overwhelming it with a large amount of traffic from multiple sources. Zombies are infected computers that are remotely controlled by hackers without the owners’ knowledge or consent. Botnets are networks of zombies that are coordinated by hackers to launch DDoS attacks or other malicious activities. Keylogger, adware, ransomware, and spyware are not types of infections that can cause internal workstations to participate in a DDoS attack.

A cryptominer is a malicious program that uses the CPU resources of a computer to generate cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. This can cause the CPU to run at 100% utilization and slow down the system. Spyware, virus and keylogger are other types of malware, but they do not necessarily cause high CPU usage. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-cryptomining https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The correct answer is A. Verify the DNS server settings. This is because the DNS server is responsible for resolving domain names to IP addresses, which is necessary for accessing the internet or named network resources. If the DNS server settings are incorrect or the DNS server is down, the technician will not be able to access these resources even if they have a valid IP address and can ping the default gateway1.

1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam: Core 2 Objectives, page 16, section 1.10.

The correct answer is A. Document the date and time of change. After implementing a change, the technician should document the date and time of change in the change log or record. This helps to track the change history, monitor the change performance, and identify any issues or incidents related to the change. Documenting the date and time of change is also a good practice for auditing and compliance purposes.

Documenting the purpose of the change (B) and the risk level © are steps that should be done before implementing the change, not after. These are important information that help to justify, prioritize, and plan the change. The purpose of the change should explain why the change is needed and what benefits it will bring to the organization. The risk level should assess the potential impact and probability of the change causing any problems or disruptions to the business.

Documenting the findings of the sandbox test (D) is also a step that should be done before implementing the change, not after. A sandbox test is a way of testing the change in an isolated environment that mimics the production environment. This helps to verify that the change works as expected and does not cause any errors or conflicts with other systems or processes. The findings of the sandbox test should be documented and reviewed by the change advisory board (CAB) before approving the change for implementation.

References:

What is a Change Advisory Board? (Overview, Roles, and Responsibilities)

Best Practices in Change Management

10 Top change management best practices

Disk Defragment is a tool that can be used to improve the performance of a hard disk drive (HDD). HDDs store data in sectors and clusters on spinning platters. Over time, as data is written, deleted, and moved, the data may become fragmented, meaning that it is spread across different locations on the disk. This causes the HDD to take longer to access and load data, resulting in slower performance. Disk Defragment consolidates the fragmented data and rearranges it in a contiguous manner, which reduces the seek time and increases the speed of the HDD. Disk Management, Disk Cleanup, and Device Manager are not tools that can alleviate the issue of slow HDD performance.

Booting into safe mode and performing a malware scan are the steps that a technician should perform when troubleshooting an issue with pop-up advertising messages on a PC. Safe mode is a diagnostic mode that starts the PC with minimal drivers and services, which can prevent the pop-up malware from running. Malware scan is a tool that can detect and remove the pop-up malware, as well as prevent further infection or damage. Investigating how the malware was installed, reinstalling the browser and restarting the machine are possible steps that can be done after booting into safe mode and performing a malware scan, depending on the situation and the results of the scan. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/how-to-boot-into-safe-mode https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Full disk encryption is a security mechanism that encrypts the entire data on a hard drive, making it unreadable without the correct decryption key or password. It can prevent the stored data from being recovered by unauthorized persons who steal or access the laptop. Biometrics, enforced strong system password and two-factor authentication are other security mechanisms, but they only protect the login access to the laptop, not the data on the hard drive. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-full-disk-encryption https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

A secondary account and recovery code are used to reset the primary account and password on an iPhone after it has been locked due to failed login attempts. Fingerprint, pattern, facial recognition and PIN code are biometric or numeric methods that can be used to unlock an iPhone, but they are not helpful if the device has been permanently locked. Verified References: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204306 https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

An unattended installation is the fastest way to install Windows 10 on a newly built computer. It uses an answer file that contains all the configuration settings and preferences for the installation, such as language, product key, partition size, etc. It does not require any user interaction or input during the installation process. Factory reset, System Restore and in-place upgrade are not methods of installing Windows 10 on a new computer, but ways of restoring or updating an existing Windows installation. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-an-unattended-installation https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

A PIN code is a numeric password that protects a mobile device against unwanted access when it is left unattended. It requires the user to enter the correct code before unlocking the device. OS updates, antivirus software and BYOD policy are other security measures for mobile devices, but they do not prevent unauthorized access when the device is left unattended. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/mobile-device-security https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The first step in troubleshooting a Bluetooth connection issue is to check that the accessory is ready to pair with the mobile device. Some accessories may have a button or a switch that needs to be pressed or turned on to initiate pairing mode. If the accessory is not ready to pair, the mobile device will not be able to detect it.

The correct answer is B. Submit a change request form. A change request form is a document that describes the proposed change, the reason for the change, the expected benefits and impacts, the risks and mitigation strategies, the implementation plan, and the approval process. A change request form is an essential part of change management best practices, as it helps to ensure that the change is well-planned, communicated, and authorized before it is implemented12.

A change request form should be submitted immediately before network use is authorized, because it provides the necessary information and justification for the change to the relevant stakeholders, such as the network administrator, the IT manager, and the department manager. The change request form also allows the stakeholders to review and approve or reject the change, or request more information or modifications. The change request form also serves as a record of the change history and status12.

 Instructing the user to disconnect the Wi-Fi is the first action the technician should take if they suspect a rogue access point. A rogue access point is an unauthorized wireless network that could be used to intercept or manipulate network traffic, compromise security, or launch attacks. Disconnecting the Wi-Fi would prevent further exposure or damage to the user’s device or data. Restarting the wireless adapter, launching the browser, or running the antivirus software are possible actions to take after disconnecting the Wi-Fi, but they are not as urgent or effective as the first step. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 22

CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) Cert Guide, page 456

One of the possible ways to access the user’s computer remotely is to use RDP, which stands for Remote Desktop Protocol. RDP is a protocol that allows a user to connect to another computer over a network and use its graphical interface. RDP is commonly used for remote desktop software, such as Microsoft Remote Desktop Connection1. To use RDP, the user’s computer must run RDP server software, and the technician must run RDP client software. The technician can then enter the user’s IP address or hostname, and provide the appropriate credentials to log in to the user’s computer. Once connected, the technician can view and control the user’s desktop, and review the Outlook settings.

An equipment lock is a physical security device that attaches a laptop to a fixed object, such as a desk or a table, with a cable and a lock. This can prevent the laptop from being stolen by unauthorized persons. Encryption, LoJack, multifactor authentication and bollards are other security measures, but they do not physically prevent theft. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/physical-security https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Explore

The correct answer is D. Internet Options. The Internet Options utility in Windows allows you to configure various settings related to your internet connection, including the proxy server settings. To access the Internet Options utility, you can either open the Control Panel and click on Internet Options, or open any web browser and click on the Tools menu and then on Internet Options. In the Internet Options window, go to the Connections tab and click on the LAN settings button. Here, you can enable or disable the use of a proxy server, as well as enter the address and port number of the proxy server you want to use12.

Security and Maintenance is a utility in Windows that allows you to view and manage the security and maintenance status of your computer, such as firewall, antivirus, backup, troubleshooting, and recovery settings. It does not have any option to configure proxy server settings.

Network and Sharing Center is a utility in Windows that allows you to view and manage your network connections, such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, VPN, or dial-up. It also allows you to change network settings, such as network discovery, file and printer sharing, homegroup, and adapter settings. It does not have any option to configure proxy server settings.

Windows Defender Firewall is a utility in Windows that allows you to enable or disable the firewall protection for your computer, as well as configure firewall rules for inbound and outbound traffic. It does not have any option to configure proxy server settings.

A synthetic backup is a backup type that provides a backup for all data on the system while providing the lowest impact to the network. It combines a full backup with one or more incremental backups to create a single backup set, without requiring access to the original data source. Off-site is a backup location, not a backup type. Full and differential are backup types, but they have a higher impact on the network than synthetic. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-a-synthetic-backup https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

EFS (Encrypting File System) is a feature that allows a user to encrypt a single folder or file on a Windows PC. It uses a public key encryption system to protect the data from unauthorized access. FAT32 and exFAT are file system formats that do not support encryption. BitLocker is a feature that encrypts the entire drive, not a single folder or file. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-efs https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

A full backup does not depend on any previous backups, unlike differential or incremental backups, which only save the changes made since the last backup. A synthetic backup is a type of full backup that combines an existing full backup with incremental backups to create a new full backup, but it still requires multiple backup sets to recover data. Therefore, a full backup is the most suitable for the payroll workstation that needs to have its data readily available and recoverable. You can learn more about the differences between full, differential, incremental, and synthetic backups from this article.

The correct answer is C. Choose what closing the lid does. This option allows you to configure how the laptop behaves when you close the lid, such as whether it goes to sleep, hibernates, shuts down, or does nothing. To access this option, you can follow these steps :

Go to Settings > System > Power & sleep.

Click on Additional power settings on the right side.

Click on Choose what closing the lid does on the left side.

Under When I close the lid, select Do nothing for both On battery and Plugged in.

Click on Save changes.

This will prevent the laptop from going to sleep when you close the lid while it is connected to the docking station and the external monitor.

Hibernate, sleep/suspend, and turn on fast startup are not the options that should be configured to fix the issue. Hibernate and sleep/suspend are both power-saving modes that allow you to resume your work without losing any data. However, they also turn off the display and other components of the laptop, which means you will not be able to use the external monitor when the laptop is closed. Turn on fast startup is a feature that reduces the boot time of Windows by saving some system information to a file when you shut down. It does not affect how the laptop behaves when you close the lid .

AutoPlay is a feature that automatically runs programs or files when a removable media device, such as a flash drive, is plugged in. This can be exploited by malware authors who place malicious files on flash drives that execute automatically when inserted into a computer. Turning off AutoPlay can prevent this type of incident by requiring the user to manually open or run files from removable media devices. Disabling UAC (user account control), restricting local administrators and enabling UPnP (universal plug and play) are not effective ways to prevent this type of incident. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/autoplay-security-risk https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Resource Monitor is a tool that shows the network activity of each process on a Windows machine, including the TCP connections and the sent and received bytes. Performance Monitor is a tool that shows the performance metrics of the system, such as CPU, memory, disk and network usage. Command Prompt is a tool that allows running commands and scripts on a Windows machine. System Information is a tool that shows the hardware and software configuration of a Windows machine. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/how-to-use-resource-monitor https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a