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Load generation using crowds (crowdsourcing) is the least reproducible and accurate approach. This method involves using a large number of real users to generate load on the system. The variability in network conditions, user behavior, and device capabilities makes it difficult to reproduce the exact same load conditions consistently.

References:

ISTQB Performance Testing Syllabus

ISTQB Advanced Level Test Automation Engineer Syllabus

In an Agile, iterative, and incremental development model:

III: The performance test may be conducted by a specific team. This is true as dedicated performance testing teams often handle complex performance testing tasks.

IV: A performance test cycle must be performed in each iteration by the development team (Agile). This ensures that performance testing is integrated into each iteration to catch performance issues early.

Statements I and II are not necessarily true:

I: While possible, it is not always the case that there will be a dedicated iteration for performance testing.

II: Performance testing in a cloud-based environment is beneficial but not mandatory.

References:

ISTQB Performance Testing Syllabus

ISTQB Agile Tester Extension Syllabus

Dynamic and cloud-based systems introduce performance risks associated with virtualization due to the inherent nature of resource allocation and scalability in these environments. Virtualized systems often share physical resources, leading to potential contention and unpredictable performance impacts. These risks are more pronounced in dynamic/cloud-based architectures where resources are frequently allocated and deallocated based on demand, potentially causing latency, resource bottlenecks, and performance variability. ISTQB guidelines on performance testing emphasize understanding these risks to ensure reliable performance outcomes.