API-577 Welding Inspection and Metallurgy Exam Questions and Answers

Welding technique

Groove design

Base metal

Welding position

300°F (150°C)

500°F (260°C)

900°F (480°C)

1000°F (540°C)

A feathery line of longitudinal orientation located at the center of the weld image.

Elongated lines of darker density, irregular in width, and slightly winding in the lengthwise direction.

A feathery, twisted line of darker density running across the width of the weld.

An irregular darker line near the center of the width of the weld image along the edge of the root pass image.

The entire radiograph minus 2 in. (50.8 mm) from the edges

Only the area of contrasting density

The specific portion of a radiograph that needs to be evaluated

The portion that is less than 3t from the center of the radiograph, where t is the thickness of the weld

Chemical composition of the deposited weld metal.

Comparable base metal ultimate strength values.

Weldability characteristics of the metal.

Type and strength of base metal.

Yield strength.

Hardness.

Ultimate tensile strength.

Toughness.

Porosity and slag inclusions of the weld.

Cracking and corrosion resistance of the weld.

Strength and ductility of the weld.

Ductility and hardness of the weld.

Should be placed in a warming oven only if they are low-hydrogen.

Should not be used for jobs requiring low-hydrogen electrodes.

Should be used at a higher amperage than recommended by the manufacturer.

Should be discarded.

Pulsed droplet transfer

Short circuiting transfer

Globular transfer

Spray transfer

Hammering

Mechanical stress relieving

Needle gunning

Peening

Equipment is simple, inexpensive, and portable.

The slag supports and shapes the weld bead.

There is a reduced requirement for ventilation.

There is minimal postweld cleanup.

1 ft. (300 mm)

2 ft. (600 mm)

3 ft. (900 mm)

4 ft. (1200 mm)

0.25 inch on either side of the fusion zone

0.25 inch away from the toe of the weld into the base metal

1 inch on either side of the centerline of the weld

Just adjacent to the toe of the weld

Assure that the welded material has sufficient yield strength to avoid brittle fracture.

Assure that the welded material has sufficient ductility to assist brittle fracture.

Assure that the welded material has sufficient toughness to resist brittle fracture.

Assure that the welded material has sufficient tensile strength to avoid failure at design loads.

Lamellar crack.

Non-directional crack.

Transverse crack.

Perpendicular crack.

They should be corrected before welding proceeds further.

The inspector should seek engineering input on whether the defect is actually acceptable.

The inspector should determine whether the weld may be acceptable for the intended service.

The inspector should examine all welds produced by the same welder.

Excessive distortion

Tendency of weld pool to be sluggish

Deflection of the weld arc

Solidification cracking

Good perception and the inspection would be approximately equal to a direct visual exam.

Sensitivity to find possible defects that a direct visual exam would produce.

A resolution at least equivalent to that which is attained by direct visual examination.

A greater acuity than the eye and the inspection would be better than a direct visual.

Neutralize and clean the surface within 6 in. (150 mm) of weld bevels

Steam out the piping system and dry

Verify with pH paper that any surface liquid is “basic"

Grind the surfaces near the bevel to remove contaminants

root opening.

root weld size.

groove weld size.

root face.

Hardenability.

Temper embrittlement.

Heat treatability.

Thermal conductivity.

Chemical composition.

Electrode operating characteristics.

Welding position.

Coating operating characteristics.

ONCE

TWICE

THREE TIMES

FOUR TIMES

Interpass temperature control is not needed.

There is less susceptibility to cracking from contaminants.

There is less susceptibility to lack of fusion.

The weld pool tends to be sluggish.

Analysis of the chemical elements in an ingot.

Chemical analysis of a base metal to be welded.

List of the chemical and mechanical properties specified by a purchaser.

Product analysis of mechanical properties of a base metal.

The percentage of carbon that will be in the completed weld

The as-rolled hardness of the welding components

The carbon equivalent of the steel

The rate of cooling after the welding is completed

The bevel angle be wide enough to allow oscillation of welding torch.

The cooling rate be controlled in order to prevent rapid cooling.

Preheating is always performed to prevent hot cracking.

A wide face and thinner bevel be used.

200

215

225

241

PQRs qualified on P8 materials also qualify for P1 materials.

Welding procedures must be supported by more than one PQR.

All PQRs must be qualified with impact testing.

One PQR may support several WPSs.

WPS/PQR aspects of in-service welding.

Technical aspects of hot tapping.

Safety aspects of in-service welding.

Weldability aspects of in-service welding.