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BA1 Fundamentals of Business Economics Questions and Answers

Questions 4

Which of the following is correct in relation to businesses.

In order to maximise shareholder wealth, the primary objective of a business can be reflected in

(1) higher investment

(2) higher sales revenue

(3) higher share prices

(4) higher dividend payments.

Options:

A.

(1)and(3)

B.

(3) and (4)

C.

(1)and(2)

D.

(2) and (4)

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Questions 5

MakeHay are struggling to co-ordinate their different departments so that deadlines are hit. Two managers suggest different ideas to solve this issue.

Manager Smith suggests MakeHay open a new office who is responsible for co-ordinating the different departments, and would also have their own production targets.

Manager Jones suggests that opening another office would increase production, and so ensure deadlines are hit.

Why is neither manager correct?

Options:

A.

Opening a new office could lead to delays in messages being communicated between different departments

B.

Opening a new office is not viable for the company at its current size

C.

Opening a new office would be too expensive for the company at present

D.

Opening a new office would guarantee targets are met between departments

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Questions 6

The managing director of Polly's, a department store, has found that ten of its stores located in the south east of England have seen a significant fall in profit margin.

Which of the following is most likely to be the cause of this?

Options:

A.

An increase in rent for the premises in which the store is located

B.

A decrease in sales at these stores

C.

An increase in footfall at these stores

D.

A decrease in rent for the premises in which the store is located

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Questions 7

Brian has 80 bonds with a total market value of £2400. The interest rate on these bonds is 2.34%.

Using these figures, which of the following is the running yield of each of Brian's bonds?

Options:

A.

8.87%

B.

8.86%

C.

8.9%

D.

8.83%

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Questions 8

Other things being equal, an increase in a country's balance of payments deficit on current account means that

Options:

A.

Import prices must be falling

B.

The volume of goods exported must be falling

C.

Aggregate demand is falling

D.

The difference between government spending and tax revenue is growing

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Questions 9

A railway franchise in north-eastern Messu Potami has recently changed hands, and is now being operated by the company IstClass. However, IstClass already operate the railway franchise in northwestern Messu

Potami.

Which of the following courses of action would be most appropriate for the government of Messu Potami to take?

Select ALL that apply.

Options:

A.

Establish a regulatory body to prevent a regional monopoly

B.

Rerun the franchise bidding process if it found that IstClass are imposing additional price rises due to the regional monopoly

C.

Allow the regional monopoly to exist, increasing fare prices for passengers on trains in both north-western and north-eastern Messu Potami

D.

Impose a uniform sales tax on all railway tickets which would equalise prices across the country

E.

Immediately nationalise the railway network, ending all private franchises and thus any regional monopolies

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Questions 10

Company X is a wholesaler. It sells the majority of its products in bulk to a small number of restaurants and cafes in the local area.

Which of the following will Company X experience in light of this?

Select ALL that apply.

Options:

A.

A reduction in distribution costs as a result of economies of scale

B.

A reduction in the number of staff needed to perform certain roles within the company

C.

The company will not be able to buy in bulk at a discount in the future

D.

The company will not be able to maximise efficiency due to rapid business growth

E.

It will not experience the benefits of economies of scale

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Questions 11

Country X is a country highly reliant on its oil exports. However, in recent months, oil prices have fallen by 20%. It is located near Country Y, an oil exporter which is a member of a trading bloc. Country X has some coal reserves, but faces stiff competition from Country Z, a member of the trading bloc, which also exports coal.

Which of the following would be the most effective way for the government to alleviate these circumstances?

Select ALL that apply.

Options:

A.

Purchase oil produced within the country in order to support the domestic oil industry

B.

Invest in retraining those working in the oil industry so they can enter other domestic industries which are currently more profitable

C.

Dump its oil exports into the trading bloc by exporting the oil at an artificially low price

D.

Begin extracting and exporting coal as a substitute for oil

E.

Allow the oil industry in Country X without any further investment to fail as it is a sunset industry

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Questions 12

Which of the following is an example of an indirect tax?

Options:

A.

Corporation tax

B.

Income tax

C.

Inheritance tax

D.

Sales tax

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Questions 13

Organisations are able to achieve more than individuals can achieve because they allow people to do which THREE of the following?

Options:

A.

To devolve decision-making

B.

To pool resources

C.

To share skills and knowledge

D.

To specialise

E.

To earn profits

F.

To create hierarchies

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Questions 14

Which of the following will result in an increase in demand for domestic currency?

Options:

A.

An increase in exports.

B.

A rise in imports.

C.

More domestic companies invest abroad.

D.

Outward financial flows.

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Questions 15

Which of the following organisational arrangements is an example of a multinational corporation (MNC)?

Options:

A.

An insurance company based in Country E opens a sales office in Country F in order to service the local market

B.

A music production company based in Country C signs a contract with an artist's management company based in Country D.

C.

A retailer based in Country G uses an online retail platform in order to sell goods to customers in Country H.

D.

A chain of restaurants based in Country B signs a franchise agreement with a company that intends to open restaurants in Country A.

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Questions 16

Which of the following can be used by a national government as justification for introducing a protectionist trade policy?

Options:

A.

To promote the development of an infant industry

B.

To allow specialisation

C.

To promote economies of scale

D.

To increase competition.

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Questions 17

Which TWO reasons support the argument that global firms may facilitate globalisation?

Options:

A.

Global firms can lobby governments to open up markets for free trade

B.

Global firms can bring stability to international stock markets

C.

Global firms can be immune from national concerns

D.

Global firms can forfeit national laws under certain conditions

E.

Global firms can lead to greater homogemsation of tastes and values across different countries.

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Questions 18

Governments provide public goods, such as street lighting, because

Options:

A.

private business providers would exploit consumers and make excess profits

B.

it would be an unprofitable activity for private business because of the free-rider problem

C.

governments are more efficient producers of such goods

D.

there are significant external costs in the production process

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Questions 19

Which of the following best describes a project that has a negative Net Present Value?

Options:

A.

A loss making project

B.

A project that doesn't make enough profit to pay the interest on the money borrowed to invest in it

C.

A project that doesn't make sufficient returns to fully compensate investors for the funds they invest in it

D.

A project that will only start making profits after the present year has finished

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Questions 20

Which of the following statements about the difference between profit and shareholder wealth is false?

Options:

A.

Shareholder wealth considers financial returns over a longer period than profit

B.

Shareholder wealth takes risk into account

C.

Shareholder wealth is a discounted present value of anticipated future earnings but profit is just a short term measure of past earnings

D.

Shareholder wealth influences share prices but profit does not

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Questions 21

All of the following are examples of structural unemployment except which one?

Options:

A.

Redundancies in shipbuilding caused by competition from abroad.

B.

Falling employment in manufacturing industry resulting from a decline in consumer incomes.

C.

Unemployment in coal mining caused by the advent of new energy sources.

D.

Above average unemployment rates among low skilled workers.

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Questions 22

A business would benefit most from an appreciation in the currency of the country in which it is based if:

Options:

A.

it exports to other countries a significant proportion of its output

B.

it imports a high proportion of the raw materials and components it uses

C.

in its domestic market it faces competition from imports

D.

its production costs are largely domestic labor costs

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Questions 23

The government of Country Z imposes a tariff on all imports of coal from other countries Which THREE of the following are possible effects of this decision in Country?

Options:

A.

The cost of living will fall.

B.

Employment in the coal industry will increase

C.

The balance of payment will improve.

D.

Government's revenue will improve.

E.

Coal producers will adopt new technologies to improve efficiency

F.

More resources will be allocated to alternative energy sources

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Questions 24

For a typical business, which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of globalisation?

Options:

A.

Lower cost sites for the location of production

B.

Simultaneously improved terms of trade for all countries

C.

Wider sources of supply for inputs.

D.

Larger markets for outputs

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Questions 25

Which of the following is correct in regards to organisations?

Organisations achieve more than individuals can achieve on their own because they enable people to

(1) share skills and knowledge

(2) maximise individuals' interests.

(3) specialise

(4) pool resources

Options:

A.

(1), (2)and(3)

B.

(2), (3) and (4)

C.

(1),(2)and(4)

D.

(1), (3) and (4)

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Questions 26

A company in Country M owns a subsidiary in Country O valued at OS200 million. The rate of exchange between the Country M dollar (M$) and the Country O dollar (OS) is OS1 - MS6

If the Country M S depreciated by 10% what would be the increase or decrease in the MS valuation of the subsidiary?

Give your answer in whole millions and indicate whether it is an increase or decrease.

Options:

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Questions 27

Which of the following is an example of reflationary monetary policy?

Options:

A.

Lowering interest rates in order to boost the economy during a recession.

B.

Introducing a tax on financial transactions in order to reduce the volume of speculative transactions

C.

Increasing investment in education in order to improve the long term competitiveness of the economy

D.

Reducing government expenditure in order to rem in a budget deficit

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Questions 28

Which of the following are the likely consequences, in the domestic of a county, of an increase in interest rates?

1. A rise in demand for capital goods

2. A fall in demand for consumer good.

3. A fall in demand for housing

4. A rise in the exchange rate.

Options:

A.

2,3 and 4

B.

1, 3 and 4

C.

1, 2 and 4

D.

1, 2 and 3

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Questions 29

Based on the past twenty months, an event decorating company develops a trend equation for forecasting sales revenue (y) where y = 4.38 + 1.32x.

If month 21 has a seasonal factor of times 1.07, then what is the forecast for the month, using a multiplicative model? Give your answer to two decima places.

Options:

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Questions 30

For a business, diseconomies of scale occur when

Options:

A.

the gains from the division of labor are exhausted

B.

all available economies of scale have been exhausted

C.

the market for the firm's product becomes saturated

D.

difficulties in managing a large firm lead to rising long run average costs

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Questions 31

One of the features of an oligopoly market is that the pricing strategy of producers

Options:

A.

is conditioned by the expected reaction of rival producers

B.

tends to ignore expectations about consumer reactions

C.

is constrained by the absence of barriers to entry into the industry

D.

is largely determined by government competition rules

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Questions 32

Which of the following is most likely to increase rather than to reduce market imperfections?

Options:

A.

An increase in the number of buyers and sellers in a market

B.

A lowering of entry barriers separating markets

C.

Informative advertising giving way to persuasive advertising

D.

Employers making greater use of the Internet to advertise job vacancies

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Questions 33

Which ONE of the following is NOT a symptom of the principal-agent problem in company XYZ?

Options:

A.

The pay of the directors of XYZ is not related to the company's financial performance

B.

XYZ loses money following a risky investment in a new line of business

C.

The family of the Chief Executive of XYZ use the company jet for shopping trips

D.

XYZ's Board conceals information about losses from shareholders

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Questions 34

A profit-maximizing firm will cut the product's price to increase profits if

Options:

A.

Demand is elastic

B.

Unit costs fall

C.

The demand curve shifts rightwards

D.

Marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost

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Questions 35

All of the following would provide justification for government competition authorities to investigate the businesses involved except one. Which ONE is the exception?

Options:

A.

The operation of a cartel

B.

A merger between the two dominant firms in an industry

C.

A price fixing agreement between two rival firms

D.

An advertising campaign directly targeting rival firms

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Questions 36

The market demand for a good has a price elasticity of demand of 0.4. Which of the following statements is correct?

Options:

A.

Consumer expenditure will fall as price rises

B.

Producers' incomes will rise as price falls

C.

It is a product with many close substitutes

D.

Total quantity sold will fall as price rises

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Questions 37

Which ONE of the following conditions would lead to instability over time in the incomes of producers of primary products?

Options:

A.

Both demand and supply tend to be price inelastic

B.

Large shifts in demand combined with supply that is price inelastic

C.

Large supply shifts under the impact of unstable weather conditions

D.

Both demand and supply tend to be price elastic

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Questions 38

If a firm wishes to maximize market share without incurring a loss, it should set its price where

Options:

A.

Marginal revenue is zero

B.

Marginal revenue equals marginal cost

C.

Price equals marginal revenue

D.

Total cost equals total revenue

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Questions 39

The main purpose of government competition policy is to

Options:

A.

Prevent mergers between large companies

B.

Restrict anti-competitive behavior by firms

C.

Limit the ability of firms to secure long run excess profits

D.

Enforce competition by breaking up large firms

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Questions 40

When a tax is imposed upon a commodity which the producers must pay to the government, this will cause the commodities?

Options:

A.

Supply curve to shift to the right

B.

Demand curve to shift to the right

C.

Demand curve to shift to the left

D.

Supply curve to shift to the left

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Questions 41

An example of forward vertical integration is

Options:

A.

The merger between Mercedes and Chrysler in the car industry

B.

A car manufacturer taking over an engine factory

C.

The Ford car company producing refrigerators

D.

A car manufacturer investing in a chain of car showrooms and dealers

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Questions 42

XYZ plc has relocated its head office to a new site which enjoys better road communications and is close to a training college that teaches the skills needed to work at XYZ plc. Why will XYZ's costs fall?

Options:

A.

It will gain the benefits of technical economies of scale

B.

It will gain the benefits of managerial economies of scale

C.

It will gain the benefits of external economies of scale

D.

It will gain the benefits of financial economies of scale

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Questions 43

All the following statements about small firms are correct except one. Which statement is incorrect?

Options:

A.

Small firms do not generally raise finance on the capital market

B.

Banks may refuse to lend to small firms because of the risk involved

C.

Small firms are common in industries which display increasing returns to scale

D.

Small firms are common in industries where there are niche markets

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Questions 44

All of the following are sources of finance for business except which one?

Options:

A.

Retained profits

B.

Certificates of deposit

C.

New share issues

D.

Mortgages

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Questions 45

All of the following are functions of central banks except which one?

Options:

A.

Banker to the commercial banks

B.

Holder of the foreign exchange reserves

C.

Banker to the government

D.

Determination and conduct of fiscal policy

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Questions 46

Which of the following is an example of regulation as a form of government intervention in the economy?

Options:

A.

The government requiring that seat belts are fitted in all coaches and regularly tested

B.

The government announcing the abolition of rules which restrict the number of commercial radio stations allowed by law to operate

C.

The government encouraging the General Medical Council to discipline doctors judged to be professionally negligent

D.

The government selling a state-owned industry such as Air Traffic Control to private ownership

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Questions 47

Following a 10% reduction in the value of its currency, the volume of imports into the country falls by 10%, whilst the volume of exports rises by 15%.

Which of the following effects will occur?

Options:

A.

Balance of payments will improve

B.

Balance of payments will deteriorate

C.

Terms of trade will improve

D.

The central bank will be forced to borrow more foreign exchange to cover the shortfall

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Questions 48

Which of the following are not classed as a non-bank financial intermediary?

Options:

A.

Life insurance companies

B.

Building societies

C.

Finance houses

D.

Investment exchanges

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Questions 49

In the short run, which of the following would result from a depreciation of the country's exchange rate?

(i). Increased competitiveness of the country's exports

(ii). Increased quality competitiveness of the county's imports

(iii). A worsening of the country's terms of trade

(iv). Increased energy and raw material costs for the country's manufacturing firms

Options:

A.

(i) and (ii) only

B.

(ii) and (iv) only

C.

(iii) and (iv) only

D.

(i), (iii) and (iv) only

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Questions 50

Which theory of the firm is described by the following statement?

'The decisions of management are the result of a political maneuvering of the various stakeholders connected to the organization.'

Options:

A.

Profit maximizing

B.

Satisfying

C.

Behavioral

D.

Managerial

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Questions 51

Whenever a government provides health care services free of charge

Options:

A.

Economic welfare is maximized

B.

Government expenditure on the provision of public goods increases

C.

The incentive to provide private health care through the market disappears

D.

Provision of merit goods by the state is taking place

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Questions 52

The Global Banking Crisis showed that banks had failed in all of the following ways except which ONE?

Options:

A.

Maintain adequate liquidity

B.

Generate adequate profitability

C.

Maintain adequate security of lending

D.

Exercise adequate risk management

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Questions 53

When central banks adopt a policy of 'quantitative easing' this means that they:

Options:

A.

Lift quantitative restrictions on bank lending

B.

Lower the capital adequacy requirements for banks

C.

Buy government bonds from the banks

D.

Ease the liquidity ratios banks need to hold

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Questions 54

A government can finance a budget deficit by:

i. increasing taxation rates.

ii. Reducing government expenditure.

iii. Selling long term government bonds.

iv. Issuing Treasury Bills.

v. Raising interest rates.

vi. Reducing transfer payments.

Options:

A.

(i), (ii) and (iii) only

B.

(ii), (v) and (vi) only

C.

(ii) and (vi) only

D.

(iii) and (iv) only

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Questions 55

Identify in the following list the statement that does not describe a function of a financial intermediary:

Options:

A.

Aggregation of funds

B.

Maturity transformation

C.

Risk transformation

D.

Transfer payments

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Questions 56

What international convention regulates banking?

Options:

A.

Basel 3

B.

GATT

C.

G20

D.

Competition Act

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Questions 57

If a country were to join a currency union (for example, the European single currency, the Euro), its businesses would experience all of the following except which one?

Options:

A.

Reduced transaction costs on overseas transactions.

B.

Exchange rate certainty.

C.

A common monetary policy.

D.

Reduced price transparency.

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Questions 58

Which of the following is an invisible import for a country?

Options:

A.

Expenditure in its shops by foreign diplomats based in the country

B.

The country's contribution to foreign aid

C.

A foreign company signing a contract guaranteeing to invest in a new factory in the country

D.

Repayment of an IMF loan by the country's government

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Questions 59

Which of the following economic conditions is likely to lead to demand-pull inflation?

Options:

A.

An increase in interest rates and a rise in the world price of oil

B.

An increase in government spending and firms operating at full capacity

C.

Increased monopoly power in goods and labor markets

D.

A worsening balance of payments deficit and a rising exchange rate

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Questions 60

In a fully employed economy, which one of the following would lead to demand pull inflation?

Options:

A.

A reduction in the rate of income tax

B.

A rise in value added tax

C.

An increase in the world price of oil

D.

A rise in interest rates

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Questions 61

All of the following are features of an economic union (for example, the European union) except which one?

Options:

A.

A fixed exchange rate relative to non union currencies.

B.

Free movement of goods and services between member states.

C.

A common external tariff.

D.

Free movement of factors of production between member states.

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Questions 62

Which one of the following policies to correct a balance of payments current account deficit is an example of an expenditure reducing policy?

Options:

A.

Depreciation of the currency.

B.

The imposition of an import tax.

C.

Increased income tax.

D.

The use of import quotas.

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Questions 63

A business was selling 20,000 units of its product per month at a price of $10. When it lowers its price to $9 it finds that its sales rise to 24,000 units per month.

The price elasticity of demand for this firm's product is

Options:

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Questions 64

Which of the following statements best describes a private firm?

Options:

A.

An organization that does not seek profit

B.

An organization that is owned by shareholders

C.

An organization that is outside the state's influence

D.

An organization that is not directly owned by the state

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Questions 65

The distinguishing feature of a transnational (multinational) company is that

Options:

A.

it exports its products to more than one country.

B.

its production process uses inputs from more than one country.

C.

it has production facilities in more than one country.

D.

it has shareholders in more than one country.

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Questions 66

The level of national income in the circular flow will remain constant if

Options:

A.

injections are greater than withdrawals

B.

injections are equal to withdrawals

C.

injections are equal to savings

D.

injections plus withdrawals are equal to savings plus investment

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Questions 67

Which global institution is concerned with enforcing the GATT?

Options:

A.

The IMF

B.

The World Bank

C.

The World Trade Organization

D.

The G20

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Questions 68

RubTech has decided to build a new rubber production facility just outside the semi-rural town of Pettisbury. The majority of workers at the plant are to be sourced from abroad.

Which of the following could potentially be negative externalities of the decision to build the production facility?

Options:

A.

Production processes

B.

Rood congestion

C.

The decision to source workers from abroad

D.

Antisocial behaviour

E.

The high unemployment rate in the local area

F.

The poor infrastructure in the local area

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Questions 69

A commercial airline uses its database to develop the following regression model to predict the cost of a flight Y (in dollars) by number of passengers:

Y = 1,570 +40 7x

Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the airline'?

Options:

A.

The cost of a flight will increase by $40.7 when an additional passenger is added to the flight.

B.

The regression model makes accurate predictions for this commercial airline, therefore it will provide good forecasts for other commercial airlines.

C.

The positive intercept in the model indicates a positive relationship between the cost of a flight and the number of passengers.

D.

If each pair of data points is plotted on a graph with Y on the vertical axis and X on the horizontal axis, there will be a downward sloping line.

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Questions 70

The economy of Country V is initially in equilibrium at a level of national income and employment denoted by Y, at price level denoted by P If there is an increase in aggregate demand, indicate on the graph below the new equilibrium point in the economy.

Options:

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Exam Code: BA1
Exam Name: Fundamentals of Business Economics
Last Update: Nov 21, 2024
Questions: 468
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