H12-725_V4.0 HCIP-Security V4.0 Exam Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

A Trojan horse is a type of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate applicationto trick users into installing it.

Transmission methods:

A. Exploiting vulnerabilities→ Attackers use system/software vulnerabilities to inject Trojans.

B. Bundled in software→ Trojans are included in cracked software or pirated applications.

C. Downloaded from third-party sites→ Users unknowingly install malware from untrusted sources.

D. Masquerading as useful software→ Fake tools trick users into installation.

Why are all options correct?

All listed methods are common ways Trojans spread.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Malware & Trojan Horse Attacks

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Authentication-free rules allow unauthenticated users to access essential services before login.

The following traffic must be allowed before authentication:

DNS traffic→ Users need to resolve domain names for the Portal page.

Portal page access→ The captive portal must be reachable.

RADIUS server communication→ Users must authenticate via RADIUS.

Why is this statement true?

Without these authentication-free rules, users would be unable to reach thePortal login page.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Portal Authentication-Free Rules

Understanding Policy-Based Routing (PBR) in this Scenario:

PBR (Policy-Based Routing)is used toredirect and control traffic flowbased on policies instead of traditional routing.

Router1 is acting as a traffic diversion device, redirecting traffic through acleaning devicebefore sending it to the final destination (Zones).

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ Policy-Based Routing (PBR) and Traffic Diversion

Huawei CloudCampus Traffic Optimization Guide→ Cleaning Device Integration with Routers

Huawei USG Series Firewall Configuration Guide→ Traffic Redirection for Security Inspection

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Inbound bandwidth= Trafficenteringthe firewall.

Outbound bandwidth= Trafficleavingthe firewall.

Correct answer:

A. Private → Public traffic is controlled by outbound bandwidth.

Why are the other options incorrect?

Bis incorrect because public → private traffic is controlled byinbound bandwidth, not outbound.

Cis incorrect because inbound bandwidth does not apply to private → public traffic.

Dis incorrect because public → private traffic is controlled by inbound bandwidth.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Firewall Virtual System Bandwidth Control

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

SYN scanning is a stealthy technique used to identify open ports on a target system without fully establishing a TCP connection.

How SYN scanning works:

The scanner sends aSYN packetto the target port.

The target responds based on the port state:

SYN-ACK → Port is open(Correct - D).

RST → Port is closed(Correct - A).

No response → The host does not exist, or a firewall is blocking it(Correct - B).

The scanner doesnot send an ACK(unlike a full TCP connection). Instead, it sends anRSTto avoid detection.

Why is C incorrect?

In SYN scanning, the scanner does NOT send an ACK to complete thehandshake. Instead, it sends an RST to abort the connection.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → SYN Scanning Techniques

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

iMaster NCE-Campus does not have a built-in LDAP server.Instead, it integrates with external authentication servers such as:

RADIUS servers

Active Directory (AD) with LDAP

HWTACACS servers

Why is this statement false?

iMaster NCE-Campus can connect to LDAP but does not act as an LDAP server itself.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → iMaster NCE-Campus Authentication Integration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Firewalls enforce security policies based on rules defined by the administrator.

Data filtering rules must be explicitly referenced in security policies to take effect.

Why is this statement true?

If a filtering rule exists but is not linked to a security policy, it will not apply to network traffic.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Data Filtering Policy Configuration

1️⃣Understanding the Scenario:

Enterprise A and Enterprise B communicate over the Internet through an IPsec tunnel.

Firewall A and Firewall B establish the tunnelto secure traffic between the enterprises.

The network includes aSource NAT device, meaning IP headers may be modified.

The goal is to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data transmission.

2️⃣Why ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload)?

ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload)provides:

Encryption (Confidentiality)→ Protects data from eavesdropping.

Integrity & Authentication→ Ensures data is not modified.

NAT Traversal Support→ Works through NAT devices, unlike AH (Authentication Header).

ESP is the preferred choice for VPN tunnels over the public Internet.

3️⃣Why Tunnel Mode?

Tunnel Mode encapsulates the entire original IP packet, including headers and payload,adding a new IP header.

Advantages of Tunnel Mode:

Protects both the data and the original IP addresses(important for communication over untrusted networks).

Used in site-to-site VPNswhere private network addresses need to be hidden.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ IPsec VPN Fundamentals

Huawei USG Series Firewall Configuration Guide→ IPsec ESP vs. AH

RFC 4301 (Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol)→ ESP and Tunnel Mode Usage

A screenshot of a computer error message AI-generated content may be incorrect.

POST → Sending Information to the Server

ThePOST methodin HTTP is used to send data to a web server.

Examples include:

Submitting login credentials.

Posting comments or messages on a forum.

Uploading files via web applications.

UnlikeGET, POSThides sensitive information in the request body, making it more secure for transmitting login credentials or personal data.

Internet Access Using a Proxy → Firewall Deployment for Proxy Access

Aproxy serverallows users toaccess the internet through a controlled gateway.

To enforce security policies, afirewall must be deployed between the intranet and the proxy server.

Proxies are used for:

Content filtering(blocking unwanted websites).

Access control(restricting web usage based on user roles).

Anonymization(hiding the user's original IP address).

File Upload/Download Size → Controlling Upload Limits

Firewalls and security devicescan restrict file upload/download sizesto:

Prevent excessive bandwidth usage.

Block potentially malicious file uploads.

Alert and Block Thresholds:

Alert threshold:Logs a warning if a file exceeds a specific size.

Block threshold:Prevents files larger than the configured limit from being uploaded or downloaded.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

iMaster NCE-Campus authentication supports multi-condition matching:

Account information(e.g., username, password, role-based policies).

SSID information(specific Wi-Fi network authentication).

Terminal IP address ranges(assigns different policies based on network segments).

Why is this statement true?

Multiple authentication conditions can be applied simultaneously to enforce flexible access control.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → iMaster NCE-Campus Authentication Policy

What is IKE DPD (Dead Peer Detection)?

IKE DPD (Dead Peer Detection)is a mechanism used inIPsec VPNsto check if a remote VPN peer is still reachable.

It allows the firewall to detectlink failuresandautomatically tear down and re-establish IPsec tunnelswhen necessary.

Why is DPD required in this scenario?

The network uses an active/standby link setup:

IPsec Tunnel 1 (Active) → Uses Link 1 (GE0/0/1).

IPsec Tunnel 2 (Standby) → Uses Link 2 (GE0/0/2).

IfLink 1 fails, the firewall must detect the failure andtear down IPsec Tunnel 1before establishingIPsec Tunnel 2 over Link 2.

DPD detects unreachable peersand triggers a failover.

How does IKE DPD work?

DPD periodically sends probes (HELLO messages) to the remote VPN peer.

If no response is received within a timeout period, the firewall assumes the peer is down.

Thefirewall deletes the IPsec tunnel and switches to the backup link.

Why is the answer "dpd" (lowercase)?

The questionexplicitly asks for lowercase letters.

"dpd" (Dead Peer Detection) is the correct technical term in Huawei firewalls and networking standards.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ IPsec VPN High Availability & DPD

Huawei USG Series Firewall Configuration Guide→ IKE Dead Peer Detection (DPD)

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Eth-Trunk (Ethernet Trunking)aggregates multiplephysical linksinto asingle logical interface, improvingbandwidth and redundancy.

Manual mode limitations:

Manual mode does NOT detect link faults or incorrect connections—it only detects link disconnections.

To detectlink faults,LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) modeis required.

Why is D false?

Manual mode canonly detect link disconnectionsbutnot link faults or incorrect connections.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Eth-Trunk Configuration

Huawei USG6000 Firewalls Link Aggregation Guide

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

iMaster NCE-Campus functions as multiple authentication servers, including:

Portal Server→ For web-based authentication.

RADIUS Server→ For centralized authentication and policy enforcement.

HWTACACS Server→ For administrative command authorization.

Why is B correct?

iMaster NCE-Campus cannot function as an Active Directory (AD) server.It can integrate with an external AD server but does not replace it.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → iMaster NCE-Campus Authentication

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Virtual system resource allocation can bemanual or shared.

Manual allocationrequires configuring aresource class, defining aquota, and binding it to a virtual system.

Why is D false?

Quota-based resources are not automatically allocated.

An administrator must defineresource quotas.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Virtual System Resource Allocation

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

SYN scanning is a stealthy TCP scanning technique used by attackers to detect open ports.

How SYN scanning works:

The attacker sends aSYN packetto a target port.

If the port isopen, the target responds with aSYN-ACK.

Instead of completing the handshake with anACK, the attacker sends anRST (reset) packet, leaving the connection half-open.

Why is this statement false?

SYN scanning does NOT establish a full connection (three-way handshake).

It may not always be recorded in system logs, depending on firewall settings.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → TCP SYN Scanning & Intrusion Detection