H19-301_V3.0 HCSA-Presales-IP Network Certification V3.0 Questions and Answers

Arouterforwards packetsbased on its routing table, which contains different types of routes.

Common types of routes include:

Dynamic route: Learned from routing protocols like OSPF, BGP, and RIP.

Direct route: Automatically generated when an interface is assigned an IP address.

Static route: Manually configured by administrators to forward traffic to a specific destination.

A blackhole route (B)is not commonly used for forwarding but is instead a special type of route that discards traffic, preventing loops or attacks.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – Routing Basics and Types of Routes

Huawei'sAirEngineseries access points (APs) are designed for high-performance wireless networking. Some models include2.5GE uplink portsto support higher bandwidth requirements for modern applications like video streaming and IoT. The following models support 2.5GE uplink ports:

AirEngine 5760-51:High-performance Wi-Fi 6 AP with 2.5GE ports.

AirEngine 5761-21:Compact Wi-Fi 6 AP with 2.5GE ports.

AirEngine 6761-21T:Outdoor Wi-Fi 6 AP with 2.5GE ports.

TheAirEngine 6761-21andAirEngine 5762-12do not support 2.5GE uplink ports, making them unsuitable for scenarios requiring higher bandwidth.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "AirEngine Series Features and Specifications."

Huawei AirEngine Product Documentation, Uplink Port Details.

TheHuawei NetEngine AR6100 seriesis a line ofenterprise-class SD-WAN routersdesigned for:

Small- and medium-sized branch offices, offeringcost-effectiveconnectivity.

Supports SD-WAN featuresforintelligent traffic steering, application acceleration, and cloud access.

Integrates security functions, includingfirewalls, IPS, and VPNs, forbranch security.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Huawei NetEngine AR Series Overview

TheHuawei AR8140is ahigh-performance SD-WAN routerdesigned forlarge enterprises. It supports:

Maximum SD-WAN forwarding performance of 20 Gbit/s.

Multiple WAN interfaces, including5G, LTE, MPLS, and Internet links.

Advanced traffic steeringfor cloud and SaaS applications.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Huawei AR8140 Specifications

Huawei WLAN solutions include multiplesecurity mechanismsto protect wireless networks from threats:

A (WIDS/WIPS air interface attack defense):Wireless Intrusion Detection/Prevention System (WIDS/WIPS) detects and mitigates rogue APs and other air interface threats.

C (WPA3 encryption):Latest Wi-Fi security standard providing stronger encryption and protection against brute-force attacks.

D (Authorization: Free mobility and unified authorization):Ensures that users maintain consistent access policies regardless of location, improving security and compliance.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – WLAN Security Features

Deployment Modes for AR Routers:

Huawei AR routers support multiple deployment methods to simplify configuration and provisioning in various scenarios.

Explanation of Each Mode:

USB-based deployment:Configuration files can be loaded onto the router using a USB drive, enabling zero-touch provisioning.

DHCP option-based deployment:The router obtains its configuration from a DHCP server, which provides necessary parameters such as IP addresses and configuration file URLs.

DCN deployment:Devices are automatically discovered and configured through the Data Communication Network (DCN), reducing manual intervention.

Email-based deployment:Configuration files or scripts can be sent to the router via email, allowing remote provisioning.

Conclusion:All four options are valid deployment modes for AR routers.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 4: Router Deployment.

Huawei AR Router Product Documentation.

Huawei'smulti-DC controllerenablesdistributed multi-cloud and multi-data center managementwith key capabilities:

(A) Hybrid Cloud Simulation and Verification (False):Huawei’s solution doesnotinclude full simulation capabilities but offersreal-time monitoring.

(B) Intelligent O&M (True):UsesAI-driven analyticsto providepredictive maintenanceandfault diagnosis.

(C) Three-Layer Network Visibility (True):Providesend-to-end visibilityat theinfrastructure, network, and service layers.

(D) Uniform Orchestration (True):Automatesnetwork resource allocationacross multiple data centers.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Multi-DC Controller Features

Huawei'sAR routerssupport multiple deployment modes to simplify network setup and management:

USB-based deployment:Configuration files can be loaded via USB drives, enabling rapid deployment without manual intervention.

DCN deployment:Devices are automatically discovered and configured through Huawei's Device Control Network (DCN), streamlining large-scale deployments.

DHCP option-based deployment:Routers obtain configuration parameters from a DHCP server, reducing manual setup efforts.

Email-based deployment:Configuration files can be sent to devices via email, allowing remote provisioning.

These modes cater to different scenarios, ensuring flexibility and ease of deployment.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "AR Router Deployment Modes."

Huawei AR Router Product Documentation, Deployment Options.

Understanding Hardware-Based BFD:

Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a protocol used to detect faults in network paths quickly. Hardware-based BFD offloads processing to dedicated chips, enabling faster detection intervals.

Huawei CE6863E-48S6CQ Capabilities:

TheCE6863E-48S6CQswitch supports hardware-based BFD with aminimum packet sending interval of 3.3 ms, ensuring rapid fault detection and recovery.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the CE6863E-48S6CQ supports hardware-based BFD with the specified interval.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 7: Data Center Solutions.

Huawei CloudEngine Switch Product Documentation.

Understanding MACsec:

MACsec (Media Access Control Security) provides Layer 2 encryption to secure data transmission between network devices, ensuring confidentiality and integrity.

Analysis of Each Model:

NetEngine 8000 M6:This model supports MACsec, making it suitable for secure WAN and DCI deployments.

NetEngine 8000 MIC:This model does not support MACsec.

NetEngine 8000 F1A:This model supports MACsec, enabling secure communication in high-performance networks.

NetEngine 8000 MIA:This model does not support MACsec.

Conclusion:The correct models supporting MACsec are Options A (NetEngine 8000 M6) and C (NetEngine 8000 F1A).

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 4: Router Product Portfolio.

Huawei NetEngine 8000 Series Product Documentation.

VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) is a network virtualization technology that addresses the limitations of traditional VLANs and MAC address tables by enabling large-scale Layer 2 networks over Layer 3 infrastructure. It is particularly useful in data centers with a growing number of virtual machines (VMs).

Among the options provided:

CE6881 : This switch supports VXLAN and is designed for high-density data center environments. It provides excellent scalability and performance for VXLAN-based networks, making it the most suitable choice.

CE9860 : While this switch is a high-end model, it is primarily used for core or aggregation layers and may not be the best fit for VXLAN at the access layer.

CE6820 : This switch does not support VXLAN, making it unsuitable for the scenario.

CE5882 : This is an older model and lacks the advanced features required for modern VXLAN deployments.

Thus, the correct answer is A , as the CE6881 is the most appropriate model for VXLAN scenarios.

References:

Huawei CloudEngine VXLAN Solution Overview, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Fat APs(Autonomous APs) operateindependentlyand donotrequire a centralized wireless controller.

Theyperform all wireless functions, including:

Wireless authentication

Encryption

User access management

Data packet forwarding

Fit APs, on the other hand, depend on a wireless controllerfor centralized management.

Fat APs are best suited for small-to-medium networkswhere centralized control is unnecessary.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – Fat vs. Fit APs

AWLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)is anetwork that connects wireless devices (Wi-Fi terminals) via access points (APs)using the802.11 protocol.

(A) LAN – False:A LAN is a broader concept that includes both wired and wireless networks.

(B) WAN – False:A WAN connects geographically distant networks, not local wireless devices.

(C) WLAN – True:APs connect to the wired network via Ethernet and provide wireless connectivity to devices.

(D) MAN – False:A MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) spans a city or large area, not limited to wireless connectivity.

Large and midsize campus networks face unique challenges due to their scale and diversity. Key service requirements include:

Automated and intelligent O&M:Ensures real-time monitoring and optimization of user experience, reducing manual intervention.

Automation for deployment and policy management:Simplifies the handling of complex configurations and policies as applications grow.

Threat detection and containment:Protects against unknown threats using AI-driven security solutions.

Converged networks:Supports diverse access terminals (e.g., IoT devices, smartphones) and services through unified infrastructure.

These requirements drive the adoption of modern technologies like SDN, AI, and network virtualization.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Campus Network Requirements by Industry."

Huawei Campus Network Solution Documentation, Large and Midsize Campus Design.

Huawei USG firewalls offer flexible management options to meet diverse operational needs. Below is an analysis of each option:

SecoManager : USG firewalls can be managed centrally through SecoManager, which provides unified security policy orchestration and monitoring.

Commands : Administrators can use CLI (Command-Line Interface) commands to configure and manage the firewall directly.

CloudWAN : This is not a management mode for USG firewalls. CloudWAN is a solution for wide-area network management and is unrelated to firewall O&M.

Web NMS : USG firewalls support web-based Network Management Systems (NMS) for graphical configuration and monitoring.

Thus, the correct answers are A , B , and D .

References:

Huawei USG Firewall Management Guide, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Features Supported by Huawei NetEngine Routers:

Huawei NetEngine routers are designed for various use cases, including WAN, data center interconnect (DCI), and enterprise networking. However, not all models support every advanced feature.

Analysis of Features:

IPsec:Most NetEngine routers support IPsec for secure communication over public networks.

VXLAN:VXLAN support is limited to specific models optimized for data center or cloud environments.

MACsec:MACsec is supported only on certain high-end models for Layer 2 encryption.

FlexE:FlexE is a feature available only on select high-end NetEngine routers designed for 5G transport and DCI.

Conclusion:The statement is FALSE because not all NetEngine routers support all four features (IPsec, VXLAN, MACsec, and FlexE).

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 4: Router Product Portfolio.

Huawei NetEngine Router Product Documentation.

Huawei'sCloudWAN 3.0solution introduces several innovative features to modernize wide-area networks (WANs):

One-click fast scheduling:Simplifies resource allocation and improves efficiency using SDN and intelligent algorithms.

One-fiber multipurpose transport:Enables multiple services (e.g., Internet, private lines) to share a single fiber, reducing costs.

One-network wide connection:Provides seamless connectivity across diverse locations and devices.

One-hop cloud access:Ensures direct and efficient access to cloud services, reducing latency.

The option"One-click maintenance"is not explicitly highlighted as a key feature of CloudWAN3.0. While maintenance tools exist, they are not marketed as a core highlight of this solution.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "CloudWAN 3.0 Key Features."

Huawei CloudWAN Solution Documentation, Intelligent Cloud-Network Era.

Understanding the S5731-H Series:

The S5731-H series switches are part of Huawei's high-performance access switches, designed for enterprise campus networks.

Port Types in S5731-H:

Some models in the S5731-H series supportboth electrical (RJ45) and optical (SFP) ports, providing flexibility for different connectivity requirements.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the S5731-H series includes models with both electrical and optical ports.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 6: Switch Product Portfolio.

Huawei Campus Switch Product Documentation.

Huawei'sCloudWANproducts and solutions are designed to address the unique WAN requirements of various industries. These include:

Energy:Supports secure and reliable connectivity for utilities, oil and gas, and renewable energy sectors.

Finance:Ensures high-performance and secure networks for banks, insurance companies, and financial institutions.

Government/Education:Provides dedicated networks for government agencies and educational institutions, enabling e-governance and digital learning.

ISP (Internet Service Providers):Helps ISPs deliver scalable and efficient broadband services to consumers and enterprises.

Transportation:Enables connectivity for smart transportation systems, including railways, airports, and highways.

CloudWAN's flexibility and scalability make it suitable for a wide range of industries, addressing their specific WAN challenges and opportunities.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "CloudWAN Industry Focus."

Huawei CloudWAN Solution Documentation, Industry Use Cases.

In IP-based networks, routers use the destination IP address in the network layer header to determine the next hop for forwarding packets. The routing table contains entries that map destination IP addresses to outgoing interfaces or next-hop routers.

Source MAC and Destination MAC are Layer 2 (data link layer) addresses and are not used for routing decisions.

Source IP is irrelevant for routing, as the router focuses on delivering the packet to the destination IP address.

Thus, the correct answer is B , as routers use the destination IP address to make forwarding decisions.

References:

Huawei Routing Fundamentals Guide, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Managing a large number of branches in an enterprise WAN environment presents several challenges. Below is an analysis of each option:

Difficulties in rectifying faults on branch networks : With numerous branches, identifying and resolving network faults becomes complex, especially when relying on manual troubleshooting.

Long time to provision new services in branches : Deploying new services across multiple branches requires significant coordination and configuration effort, leading to delays.

Poor experience with key applications : Limited bandwidth, high latency, and inefficient traffic steering can degrade the performance of critical applications like video conferencing and ERP systems.

High O&M costs : Managing distributed branch networks involves substantial operational and maintenance costs, including personnel, tools, and infrastructure expenses.

All four options accurately describe the challenges faced in enterprise WAN interconnection with large numbers of branches.

References:

Huawei SD-WAN Solution Challenges and Benefits, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

The evolution of atypical data centerinvolves several key phases, each addressing specific technological and operational advancements:

Virtualization:The first major phase, where physical resources are abstracted into virtual machines (VMs) to improve resource utilization and flexibility.

Centralized:Early data centers were centralized, with all resources located in a single facility for easier management.

Multi-site and multi-cloud:Modern data centers extend across multiple locations and integrate with public/private clouds for scalability and redundancy.

Distributed:Distributed architectures enable edge computing and decentralized processing, reducing latency and improving performance for geographically dispersed users.

These phases reflect the progression from traditional, hardware-centric designs to modern, software-defined, and cloud-integrated infrastructures.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Data Center Evolution Phases."

Huawei Data Center Solution Documentation, Evolution Trends.

The Huawei CloudEngine S8700-10 is a high-performance aggregation switch designed for enterprise campus networks. It supports up to 4 power modules , which provide redundancy and ensure stable operation even in the event of a power module failure. Redundant power supplies are critical for maintaining network uptime and reliability, especially in mission-critical environments.

The other options (2, 6, and 8) do not match the specifications of the S8700-10. While some models in the S8700 series may support fewer or additional power modules, the S8700-10 specifically accommodates up to 4 power modules.

References:

Huawei CloudEngine S8700 Series Switch Hardware Guide, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Overview of Audio and Video Service Assurance:

Huawei provides advanced mechanisms to ensure high-quality audio and video services in wireless networks, even under congestion.

Analysis of Each Statement:

Option A:This is incorrect. The correct default priority order isVI -> VO -> BE -> BK(Voice > Video > Best Effort > Background).

Option B:This is correct. Beacon frames can be used to instruct APs to suppress heavy-traffic users, ensuring fair resource allocation.

Option C:This is correct. Huawei's lab tests show that delays for voice and video services in congestion scenarios are56% lowerthan the industry average.

Option D:This is correct. The default scheduling priority order isVI -> VO -> BE -> BK.

Option E:This is incorrect. Heavy-traffic services are not automatically suppressed; suppression requires explicit configuration.

Conclusion:The correct statements are Options B, C, and D.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 8: WLAN Solutions.

Huawei AirEngine Product Documentation.

TheAirEngine 5762-12SWis a versatile Wi-Fi 6 AP designed for small and medium-sized enterprises. Key features include:

Flexible covers:The AP's cover can be customized to match the deployment environment.

Leader AP functionality:It can manage up to eight Fit APs, simplifying network architecture.

Maximum wireless rate:Supports up to2.975 Gbps, ensuring high-speed connectivity.

However, the statement that it hastwo GE ports (one for uplink and one for downlink)isFALSE. The AirEngine 5762-12SW has onlyone GE portfor uplink, which limits its wired connectivity options.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "AirEngine 5762-12SW Features."

Huawei AirEngine 5762-12SW Product Documentation, Port Configuration.

In Huawei'shyper-converged data center network solution, thenetwork analyzerplays a critical role in monitoring and analyzing traffic flows. It provides real-time insights into network performance, identifies anomalies, and helps locate faults quickly.Other components serve different purposes:

VAS controller:Manages value-added services like firewalls and load balancers.

Network controller:Handles overall network orchestration and policy enforcement.

Computing manager:Focuses on compute resource allocation and optimization.

The network analyzer is specifically designed for traffic analysis and fault detection, making it thecorrect answer.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Hyper-Converged Data Center Components."

Huawei Hyper-Converged Solution Documentation, Network Analyzer Role.

iMaster NCE (Huawei’s Network Cloud Engine)is anintent-driven network management and control systemdesigned forSDN networks.

It supports both traditional and SDN-capable networks:

SNMPis used to manage and controltraditional (non-SDN) devices.

NETCONF + YANGis used to manageSDN-capable devicesin a structured and automated manner.

CLI is not a preferred method in SDN environmentsas it lacks automation and scalability.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – iMaster NCE Management Capabilities

Huawei iMaster NCE-Fabricis anAI-powered SDN controllerfordata center networks, offeringautomated rollback functionsto prevent misconfigurations.

(A) Tenant-Level Rollback (True):Allows rollback oftenant-specific configurations, ensuring isolation between network tenants.

(B) Service-Level Rollback (True):Enables rollback of individualnetwork serviceswithout affecting other operations.

(C) Network-Wide Rollback (True):Provides afull network rollbackto a previous stable state.

(D) Application-Level Rollback (False):Not a feature of iMaster NCE-Fabric; applications operate independently of network configuration rollback.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, iMaster NCE-Fabric Rollback Functions

MACsec(Media Access Control Security) is aLayer 2 security protocolthat provides end-to-end encryption for Ethernet frames. It ensuresconfidentiality, integrity, and authenticityof data on wired networks.

A (Service data encryption):Encrypts Ethernet frames to protect against eavesdropping.

B (Data frame integrity check):Prevents data tampering and corruption.

C (Replay protection):Detects and prevents replay attacks by using unique sequence numbers.

D (Data source authenticity verification):Ensures that received data is from a legitimate source by using cryptographic authentication.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – MACsec Features & Security Benefits

Huawei Wi-Fi 6 solutionseliminate signal blind spotsusing their"Unique Dynamic-Zoom Smart Antenna"technology.

(C) True – Dynamic-Zoom Smart Antenna:

Automatically adjustsantenna beamformingbased on terminal location.

Improves signal coverage and reduces interference in complex environments.

Ensuresseamless roamingacross APs withstronger signal stability.

Other options:

(A) DFA (False): DFA optimizesfrequency selectionbut does not eliminate signal blind spots.

(B) AI Roaming Algorithm (False): Enhanceshandover between APs, but does not directly eliminate blind spots.

(D) 6 GHz Band (False): Providesmore spectrum, but coverage depends on the AP's antenna design.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Huawei Wi-Fi 6 Technologies Section

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol. Instead of directly exchanging routes, OSPF routers share link-state advertisements (LSAs) that describe the state of their links (e.g., connected networks and costs). Each router uses this information to build a complete topology map of the network and calculate the shortest path to each destination using the SPF (Shortest Path First) algorithm.

The statement accurately describes how OSPF operates, making it TRUE .

References:

Huawei OSPF Protocol Guide, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Classification of Data Centers (DCs):

Data centers are classified into categories such as small, midsize, large, and ultra-large based on the number of standard racks they house.

Rack Classification Criteria:

Small DC:Less than 500 racks.

Midsize DC:500-1000 racks.

Large DC:1000-3000 racks.

Ultra-large DC:3000-10000 racks.

Conclusion:A data center with 3000-10000 racks falls under theultra-large DCcategory.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 7: Data Center Solutions.

Huawei Data Center Network Documentation.

Overview of Fixed Ports and Cards in AR Routers:

AR routers have fixed ports and modular cards that support various networking functions, including Layer 2 and Layer 3 operations.

Analysis of Each Statement:

Option A:This is incorrect. Not all Layer 2 cards support LAN/WAN switching; it depends on the specific model and card type.

Option B:This is correct. Layer 2 cards with VLANIF interfaces can perform simple Layer 3 forwarding but lack advanced features like NAT, MPLS, IPsec, and HQoS.

Option C:This is correct. Some AR router models allow WAN ports to be reconfigured as LAN ports, providing flexibility in deployment.

Option D:This is correct. Theundo portswitchcommand can be used to switch LAN ports to WAN ports, enabling Layer 3 functionality.

Conclusion:The correct statements are Options B, C, and D.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 4: Router Architecture.

Huawei AR Router Product Documentation.

Application-layer DDoS attacks target specific applications or services, such as HTTP floods or DNS amplification. Below is an analysis of each option:

AntiDDoS : This product is specifically designed to detect and mitigate DDoS attacks, including application-layer attacks. It provides real-time traffic analysis and automated mitigation capabilities.

FireHunter : This is a sandbox solution used for detecting advanced threats and malware. It is not designed to defend against DDoS attacks.

USG6000E : This is a next-generation firewall that provides basic DDoS protection but lacks the specialized capabilities of AntiDDoS for large-scale attacks.

HiSec Insight : This is a security analytics platform that provides visibility into threats and vulnerabilities. While it can help identify DDoS activity, it does not actively mitigate attacks.

Thus, the correct answer is A , as AntiDDoS is the best-suited product for defending against application-layer DDoS attacks.

References:

Huawei AntiDDoS Solution Overview, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Overview of Huawei Campus Network Virtualization:

Huawei's campus network virtualization allows a single physical network to support multiple logical networks (VNs), enabling efficient resource utilization and simplified management.

Explanation of Each Capability:

One network carrying multiple services:This is a core feature of virtualization, where a single physical network supports multiple services (e.g., voice, video, data) through logical segmentation.

Automatic service policy delivery:Virtualization enables automated delivery of service policies to ensure consistent configuration across all devices in the network.

Automatic virtual network (VN) deployment:Huawei's solution automates the creation and deployment of virtual networks, reducing manual intervention and speeding up service provisioning.

Automatic physical network deployment:This is incorrect because physical network deployment typically involves manual setup and configuration, which cannot be fully automated.

Conclusion:The correct capabilities are Options A, B, and C.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 8: Campus Network Virtualization.

Huawei CloudCampus Solution Brochure.

Environmental Tolerance of Huawei NetEngine 8000 Series:

The Huawei NetEngine 8000 series is designed for robust performance in challenging environments, including extreme temperatures.

Temperature Range and Outdoor Installation:

These routers are certified to operate in temperatures ranging from-40°C to +65°C, making them suitable for deployment in outdoor cabinets or harsh conditions.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the NetEngine 8000 series supports the specified temperature range and can be installed in outdoor cabinets.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 4: Router Product Portfolio.

Huawei NetEngine 8000 Series Product Documentation.

Huawei's Expertise in Datacom Technologies:

Huawei has been a leader in data communication technologies for over two decades, investing heavily in research and development.

Research Centers Worldwide:

As of the latest documentation, Huawei operates 14 research centers globally. These centers focus on innovation in areas such as 5G, AI, cloud computing, and networking technologies.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE, as Huawei has indeed established 14 research centers worldwide and has over 26 years of expertise in datacom technologies.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 1: Huawei Overview.

Huawei Annual Report and Official Website.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) introduces enhanced security features compared to WPA2. One of the key improvements is the use of a 192-bit encryption key in the WPA3 Enterprise mode, which provides stronger cryptographic protection. This is part of the "WPA3-Enterprise 192-bit" mode, designed for high-security environments such as government and financial institutions.

The increased key length enhances resistance to brute-force attacks and ensures better protection of sensitive data. Additionally, WPA3 includes features like Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE), which replaces the Pre-Shared Key (PSK) mechanism, further improving security.

References:

Huawei HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation: WLAN Security Features

Wi-Fi Alliance: WPA3 Security Enhancements

TheNetEngine 8000 M14is a high-performance aggregation router designed for enterprise and carrier networks. Key features include:

Compact design:With a depth of220 mm, it fits well in space-constrained environmentslike edge locations.

Control/forwarding separation:Ensures efficient processing by separating control plane and forwarding plane functions.

Hardware redundancy:Provides high reliability through redundant components like power supplies and fans.

These features make the NetEngine 8000 M14 a robust choice for aggregation roles in WAN architectures.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "NetEngine 8000 Series Aggregation Routers."

Huawei NetEngine 8000 M14 Product Documentation, Technical Specifications.

MPLS VPN Architecture Overview:

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPN is a widely used technology for creating virtual private networks over a shared infrastructure. It involves specific roles for devices in the network.

Explanation of Each Role:

PE (Provider Edge):These devices sit at the edge of the service provider's network and connect to customer sites. They are responsible for assigning labels and managing VPN routes.

P (Provider):These devices are located in the core of the service provider's network.They perform label switching but do not participate in VPN-specific functions.

CE (Customer Edge):These devices belong to the customer and connect to the PE devices. They are unaware of the MPLS network and simply forward traffic to the PE.

Aggregation and Core:These terms are not specific to MPLS VPN architecture. "Aggregation" refers to a general networking concept, and "Core" is too broad to describe a specific role in MPLS VPNs.

Conclusion:The correct roles in MPLS VPN architecture are PE, P, and CE.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 7: MPLS and VPN Technologies.

Huawei MPLS Solution Guide.

Adefault routeis a special type of route used in routing tables to forward packets when no specific route matches the destination IP address. It acts as a "catch-all" route for traffic that does not match any other routes in the routing table.The default route is typically represented as0.0.0.0/0, where:

0.0.0.0represents any destination IP address.

/0indicates a subnet mask of 0 bits, meaning it applies to all possible IP addresses.

Default routes are commonly used in scenarios where a router needs to forward traffic to a gatewayor next-hop device for further processing. This simplifies routing table management, especially in networks with limited or centralized connectivity.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Routing Basics and Default Routes."

Huawei Router Product Documentation, Routing Table Configuration.

The Huawei CloudEngine S12700E series is a high-end modular switch designed for enterprise campus networks. Below are the explanations for each highlighted feature:

Ultra-large buffer and HQoS scheduling, delivering optimal user experience of key applications : The S12700E series features a large buffer and advanced Hierarchical Quality of Service (HQoS) scheduling, ensuring smooth performance for critical applications even under heavy traffic conditions.

Powerful slot forwarding capability, building Wi-Fi 6 high-speed channels : The switch supports high-speed forwarding capabilities, making it ideal for supporting Wi-Fi 6 networks and handling the increased bandwidth demands of modern applications.

Control and switching separation, on-demand configuration, and flexible capacity expansion : The S12700E adopts a control-switching separation architecture, allowing users to configure resources on demand and expand capacity flexibly as needed.

Redundancy design for key components, ensuring 99.999% reliability : The switch includes redundant power supplies, fans, and control boards, ensuring high availability and reliability for mission-critical environments.

All four options are valid highlight features of the CloudEngine S12700E series.

References:

Huawei CloudEngine S12700E Series Switch Product Documentation, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Hyper-converged data center network solutions emphasize automation across the entire lifecycle, from deployment to operations. Below is an analysis of each option:

100% unleashing of computing power : While automation can optimize resource allocation, achieving 100% utilization of computing power is not directly tied to full-lifecycle automation.

TTM reduced by 90% : Full-lifecycle automation streamlines processes such as provisioning, configuration, and scaling, significantly reducing Time-to-Market (TTM). This is a direct benefit of automation.

Proactive prediction of 90% of faults : Proactive fault prediction is typically achieved through AI-driven analytics, not solely through automation.

Storage performance improved by 90% : Improvements in storage performance are more closely related to advancements in hardware (e.g., NVMe over Fabrics) and software optimizations, rather than automation.

Thus, the correct answer is B , as full-lifecycle automation primarily reduces TTM.

References:

Huawei Hyper-Converged Data Center Network Solution Overview, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) uses labels to forward packets efficiently along predefined paths called Label Switched Paths (LSPs). These labels are assigned dynamically using protocols likeLabel Distribution Protocol (LDP)or RSVP-TE (Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering).While static routing and manual configuration can define paths, they do not involve dynamic label assignment.Similarly, direct routes are not related to MPLS label distribution. LDP is specifically designed to exchange label information between routers, enabling MPLS forwarding.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "MPLS Architecture and Label Distribution."

Huawei MPLS Technology Documentation, LDP Configuration.

Huawei'sCloudFabric 3.0is a data center network solution that leverages AI and machine learning to enable intelligent operations and maintenance (O&M). One of its key features is the ability to predict potential faults before they impact the network. According to Huawei's official documentation, CloudFabric 3.0 can proactively predict90% of potential faults, significantly reducing downtime and improving network reliability.This predictive capability is achieved through advanced analytics, real-time monitoring, and AI-driven insights, which help identify anomalies and performance degradation trends early.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "CloudFabric 3.0 Intelligent O&M Features."

Huawei CloudFabric Solution Documentation, Fault Prediction Capabilities.

Overview of Huawei's Wireless Backhaul Solution:

Huawei's wireless backhaul solution for rail transportation ensures reliable communication for train control systems, passenger services, and other applications.

Analysis of Each Statement:

Option A:The handover delay in Huawei's solution can indeed be as low as30 ms, ensuring seamless connectivity during train movement.

Option B:The solution supportshighly reliable active-active links, providing redundancy and fault tolerance.

Option C:The solution is designed to carry critical systems liketrain control signals, ensuring safety and efficiency.

Option D:This is incorrect because Huawei's solution supports backhaul even at speeds of160 km/h or higher, making it suitable for high-speed rail networks.

Conclusion:The correct statements are Options A, B, and C.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 10: Rail Transportation Solutions.

Huawei Rail Transportation Solution Brochure.

The Huawei iMaster NCE (Network Cloud Engine) is a next-generation network management and control platform that integrates SDN, automation, and AI capabilities. Let us evaluate each option:

Application-based intelligent traffic steering, optimizing applications and guaranteeing experience : This is a valid feature of NCE. It uses AI-driven analytics to optimize traffic paths based on application requirements, ensuring optimal performance and user experience.

One set of controller, centrally managing LAN/WAN services : This is also correct. NCE provides unified management for both LAN and WAN services, simplifying operations and reducing complexity.

One hop from the AR1000V to ten clouds, multi-cloud interconnection : This statement is not correct . While NCE supports multi-cloud interconnection, the claim of "one hop from the AR1000V to ten clouds" is an exaggeration and not supported by official documentation. Multi-cloud interconnection involves complex routing and policies, and such a simplified description is misleading.

Border security protection, ensuring egress security for branches : This is a valid feature of NCE. It includes security functions like firewalls and intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to protect branch egress points.

Thus, the incorrect description is C .

References:

Huawei iMaster NCE Solution Overview, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

TheHuawei NetEngine 40E X16A/X8Ais ahigh-performance core routerused incarrier-grade networks.

Maximum forwarding performance: 2 Tbit/s per service processing unit.

Supportshigh-density 100GE and 400GE interfaces.

Providesintelligent traffic scheduling, high reliability, and scalable architecture.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, NetEngine 40E X16A/X8A Specifications

Option A:In traditional IP routing, each router in the network must maintain a routing table that contains network-wide routes or at least the routes relevant to its operation. This ensures that packets can be forwarded correctly to their destination.

Option B:Traditional IP routing operates on the principle of the "longest match rule." When a router receives a packet, it examines the destination IP address and matches it against the entries in its routing table. The longest prefix match determines the next hop for the packet.

Option C:Traditional IP networks are inherently connectionless, meaning there is no dedicated path established between the source and destination before data transmission. This lack of connection-oriented mechanisms makes it challenging to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) across the entire network.

Option D:In traditional IP networks, packets are forwarded using a hop-by-hop mechanism. Each router along the path decapsulates the packet, inspects its headers, and forwards it to the next hop based on its routing table.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 2: IP Routing Fundamentals.

Huawei Networking Technology and Device (HNTD) Documentation.

As enterprises transition to cloud-centric architectures, campus networks face several challenges:

Slow fault locating:Traditional networks lack intelligent tools for rapid fault detection and resolution, leading to prolonged downtime.

Wi-Fi discontinuous networking:Poorly designed wireless networks result in coverage gaps and inconsistent user experiences.

Cloud outpacing network:Cloud services evolve faster than traditional networks can adapt, creating bottlenecks.

Difficult network scaling:Legacy networks struggle to scale dynamically to meet growing demands.

Cross-domain fragile infrastructure:Fragmented management across domains (e.g., wired, wireless, WAN) leads to inefficiencies and vulnerabilities.

Addressing these challenges requires modern solutions like SDN (Software-Defined Networking), AI-driven O&M, and unified management platforms.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Campus Network Challenges in the Cloud Era."

Huawei Campus Network Solution Documentation, Trends and Challenges.

Remote Office Requirements:

Remote office solutions enable secure access to corporate resources for employees working outside the office.

Firewall Functions for Remote Access:

SSL VPN:Provides secure remote access over HTTPS, allowing users to connect to internal applications without requiring additional client software.

IPS (Intrusion Prevention System):Protects against network attacks but does not provide remote access.

AntiVirus:Focuses on detecting and blocking malware, not remote access.

IPsecVPN:While IPsecVPN can provide remote access, it typically requires more complex configurations compared to SSL VPN.

Conclusion:The correct answer is Option A, as SSL VPN is the most user-friendly and widely used function for remote office requirements.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 11: Security Solutions.

Huawei USG Firewall Product Documentation.

Huawei'sAirEngineseries includes a range of Wi-Fi 6 APs with varying capabilities:

AirEngine 5762-12:Supports a maximum device rate of2.975 Gbps, not 1.775 Gbps, making option A incorrect.

AirEngine 6761-21:Supports a maximum device rate of3.55 Gbps, making option B correct.

AirEngine 5762-12SW:Does support the leader AP feature, making option C incorrect.

AirEngine 5761-11:Does not have 2.5GE ports, making option D incorrect.

TheAirEngine 6761-21stands out for its high performance, making it suitable for demanding environments like large enterprises and campuses.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "AirEngine Series Performance Metrics."

Huawei AirEngine Product Documentation, Device Rate Specifications.

In theMOX (Ministries of Government)scenario, where high-performance and scalable WAN connectivity is required, Huawei recommends theNetEngine 8000 Xseries as the backbone router.Key reasons for this recommendation:

NetEngine 8000 X:Designed for ultra-high-capacity WAN backbones, supporting terabit-level throughput and advanced features like SRv6 and EVPN.

NetEngine 8000 M6/MIC/F1A:These models are more suited for aggregation or access roles rather than backbone routing.

TheNetEngine 8000 Xis ideal for government networks due to its ability to handle massive traffic volumes, ensure low latency, and support future-proof technologies.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Government WAN Scenarios and Router Recommendations."

Huawei NetEngine 8000 Series Product Documentation, Backbone Router Use Cases.

Enterprise networks are vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks, including:

Remote code execution:Attackers exploit vulnerabilities to execute malicious code on target systems, potentially gaining full control.

Cross-site attacks:Includes Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), where attackers manipulate web applications to steal data or perform unauthorized actions.

Command line injection:Attackers inject malicious commands into input fields, compromising system integrity.

Brute-force attacks:Attackers attempt to guess passwords or encryption keys through repeated trial-and-error attempts.

These attack methods highlight the importance of implementing robust security measures, such asfirewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and regular patching.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Common Cyberattack Methods."

Huawei Security Solution Documentation, Threat Landscape Overview.

"One-click fast scheduling, cloud-network coordinated scheduling" refers to the ability to provision services quickly and efficiently using advanced technologies like SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6) . This feature enables agile service rollout by automating the configuration and deployment of network services across cloud and WAN environments. With SRv6, services can be provisioned within minutes, significantly reducing the time required for manual configuration and ensuring rapid adaptation to changing business needs.

The other options describe different features of Huawei's solutions but do not directly align with the concept of "one-click fast scheduling." For example:

Option B refers to network diagnostics and troubleshooting capabilities.

Option C highlights resource optimization through SDN and intelligent algorithms.

Option D focuses on network slicing, which is a separate feature for enhancing network flexibility.

Thus, the correct answer is A , as it directly addresses the concept of fast and coordinated scheduling in cloud-network environments.

References:

Huawei CloudWAN 3.0 Solution White Paper, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

The statement is incorrect because IP addresses function at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, not the data link layer (Layer 2). At the data link layer, devices useMAC addresses(Media Access Control addresses) to identify each other. MAC addresses are unique identifiers assigned to network adapters and are defined by the IEEE 802 standard.While IP addresses are essential for routing data across networks, they are not directly related to the data link layer. Therefore, the claim that "the address that functions at the data link layer is called an IP address" is false.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "OSI Model and Addressing."

IEEE 802 Standards Documentation.

YANG (Yet Another Next Generation) is adata modeling languageused to define the structure of configuration and state data manipulated by network management protocols.

NETCONF (Network Configuration Protocol)is a network management protocol thatrelies on YANGto provide a standardized way to configure and manage network devices.

YANG defines the structure, while NETCONF provides the transport mechanism to read, modify, and delete configurations.

Other options explained:

SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol) is used for monitoring but doesnotuse YANG.

CLI(Command-Line Interface) is a manual method for device configuration andnot standardized by YANG.

Telemetryis used for real-time data streaming but isnot dependent on YANG.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – YANG & NETCONF Standardization

Huawei'sAI roaming technologyenhances wireless network performance by optimizing roamingbehavior for client devices (STAs). Key features include:

Optimal roaming experience:Ensures seamless roaming for different types of STAs, improving wireless speeds by up to30%.

Flexible steering policies:Supports dynamic and differentiated steering based on STA profiles, making option BFALSE.

802.11V support:Requires STAs to support the 802.11V standard for efficient roaming.

The claim that roaming steering policies are inflexible is incorrect, as AI roaming leverages intelligent algorithms to adapt policies dynamically based on network conditions and device characteristics.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "AI Roaming Technology and Benefits."

Huawei WLAN Solution Documentation, AI Roaming Features.