NSE6_FSW-7.2 NSE6_FSW-7.2 - Fortinet NSE 6 - FortiSwitch 7.2 Questions and Answers

In dynamic routing on FortiSwitch, certain types of interfaces are utilized to participate in the routing processes. The types of interfaces that can be used include:

• Loopback Interfaces (B):Loopback interfaces are virtual interfaces that are always up, making them ideal for use in routing protocols where a stable interface is necessary. They are commonly used to establish router IDs and manage routing information more reliably.
• Switch Virtual Interfaces (C):Switch Virtual Interfaces (SVIs) are assigned to VLANs and can have IP addresses assigned to them, making them capable of participating in Layer 3 routing. SVIs are essential for routing between different VLANs on a switch and can participate in dynamic routing protocols to advertise networks or make routing decisions.

Physical Interfaces (D)andDetected Management Interfaces (A)are not typically used directly by dynamic routing protocols for their operations in the context of FortiSwitch.

References:For more information on how these interfaces interact with dynamic routing protocols, you can check the FortiSwitch documentation on Fortinet’s official documentation site:Fortinet Product Documentation

• All hosts behind an authenticated port are allowed access after a successful authentication (A): Once a device on a port successfully authenticates using 802.1X, all other devices connected behind that port also gain network access. This is typical in scenarios where a switch is behind an authenticated port and not each device individually authenticates.
• All devices connecting to FortiSwitch must support 802.1X authentication (D): For a network secured with 802.1X, all devices attempting to connect through the FortiSwitch must support and participate in 802.1X authentication to gain access. This ensures that all devices on the network are authenticated before they are allowed to communicate on the network.

To deploy FortiSwitch in a remote location with multiple VLANs and no Layer 3 switch or router, you would need specific configurations:

• VXLAN Interfaces (B):
• Appropriate Hardware (D):

References:For specific information on VXLAN configuration and hardware requirements, refer to the technical documentation provided by Fortinet:Fortinet Product Documentation

• Fortinet FortiLink Protocol:The FortiLink protocol is Fortinet's proprietary mechanism for managing FortiSwitch units from a FortiGate firewall. It simplifies configuration and security policy enforcement across the connected network devices.
• Auto-Discovery:FortiLink's auto-discovery feature means that by default, all ports on a FortiSwitch will actively send out discovery frames. This allows them to locate a FortiGate device that has a FortiLink interface enabled, streamlining the device management process.
• No Configuration Needed:You don't have to manually configure individual ports for FortiLink discovery on FortiSwitch devices.

References

• FortiSwitchOS FortiLink Guide (FortiSwitch Devices Managed by FortiOS 7.2):Refer to pages 13 and 14 for details on zero-touch management and FortiLink configuration. [https://fortinetweb.s3.amazonaws.com/docs.fortinet.com/v2/attachments/27f63c72-b083-11ec-9fd1-fa163e15d75b/FortiSwitchOS-7.2.0-FortiLink_Guide%E2%80%94FortiSwitch_Devices_Managed_by_FortiOS_7.2.pdf]

In the context of the topology provided and the concepts of LAG (Link Aggregation Group) and MCLAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation), the spanning tree protocol's perspective can be summarized as follows:

• Switch 1, Switch 2, and Switch 3 are seen as one MCLAG peer group (Option A): In this configuration, Switches 1 and 2 form a Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group (MCLAG) which effectively allows them to act as a single logical entity from the perspective of downstream switches (in this case, Switch 3). This grouping enhances fault tolerance and bandwidth by pooling the link resources of the two switches.
• Switch 3 and Switch 4 uplinks are treated as single interfaces (Option B): This option suggests that the connections between Switch 3 and Switch 4 (presumably using LAG) are perceived by the spanning tree protocol as a single logical connection. This perception is due to the LAG configuration, which combines multiple network cables/ports into a single logical link to provide redundancy and increase bandwidth.

References:

• The use of LAG and MCLAG is well-documented in networking literature and Fortinet's own documentation, as these technologies are commonly employed to enhance redundancy and bandwidth. Fortinet's implementation of these protocols is designed to maintain compatibility with standard networking protocols, including Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).

In a multi-tenancy setup on FortiGate, you can assign a FortiSwitch port to a VDOM in two primary ways:

• Switch the FortiLink Interface to the Target VDOM (A): This method involves configuring the FortiLink interface, which is the dedicated interface used to manage FortiSwitch units from FortiGate, to operate within a specific VDOM. This effectively assigns all ports on the FortiSwitch, managed through that FortiLink interface, to the designated VDOM.
• Create a Virtual Port Pool on the FortiGate CLI (C): Virtual port pools are created on FortiGate and allow ports from FortiSwitch to be grouped and assigned to a VDOM. This method is more granular and flexible, as it allows specific ports on the FortiSwitch to be dedicated to different VDOMs without requiring the entire switch or FortiLink interface to be dedicated to a single VDOM.

To enable SNMP v2c on a managed FortiSwitch, the essential requirement involves configuring the SNMP agent and community strings:

• Configure SNMP Agent and Communities (D):
• Understanding Other Options:

References:For detailed instructions on configuring SNMP on FortiSwitch, you can refer to the SNMP configuration section in the FortiSwitch administration guide available on:Fortinet Product Documentation

In FortiSwitch, Access Control Lists (ACLs) are used to enforce security rules on both ingress and egress traffic:

• ACL Evaluation Order (D):

References:For a comprehensive guide on configuring ACLs in FortiSwitch, consult the FortiSwitch security settings documentation available on:Fortinet Product Documentation

The correct statement about using the Switch Port Analyzer (SPAN) packet capture method on FortiSwitch is that "Mirrored traffic can be sent across multiple switches (A)." This feature allows for extensive traffic analysis as it enables network administrators to configure SPAN sessions that span across different switches, thereby providing the capability to monitor traffic across a broad segment of the network infrastructure.

To cause endpoints to exchange PoE information and negotiate power with the managed FortiSwitch via LLDP, you should configure the LLDP profile to include power management in the advertised LLDP-MED TLVs. Here are the steps:

• Access the LLDP Profile Configuration:Start by entering the LLDP profile configuration mode with the command:

config switch-controller lldp-profile

edit "LLDP-PROFILE"

• Enable MED-TLVs:Ensure that MED-TLVs (Media Endpoint Discovery TLVs) are enabled. These TLVs are used for extended discovery relating to network policies, including PoE, and are essential for PoE negotiation. They include power management which is crucial for the negotiation of PoE parameters between devices. The command to ensure network policies are set might look like:

set med-tlvs network-policy

• Add Power Management TLV:Specifically add or ensure the power management TLV is part of the configuration. This will advertise the PoE capabilities and requirements, enabling dynamic power allocation between the FortiSwitch and the connected devices (like VoIP phones or wireless access points). This can typically be done within the network-policy settings:

config med-network-policy

edit

set poe-capability

next

end

• Save and Apply Changes:Exit the configuration blocks properly ensuring changes are saved:

End

• Verify Configuration:It’s always good practice to verify that your configurations have been applied correctly. Use the appropriateshoworgetcommands to review the LLDP profile settings.

By adding the power management as part of LLDP-MED TLVs, the FortiSwitch will be able to communicate its power requirements and capabilities to the endpoints, thereby facilitating a dynamic power negotiation that is crucial for efficient PoE utilization.

References:For more detailed information and additional configurations, you can refer to the FortiSwitch Managed Switches documentation available on Fortinet’s official documentation site:Fortinet Product Documentation

While FortiSwitch can collect all the listed LLDP-MED TLVs (Network Policy, Power Management, Location, and Inventory Management), the primary focus for tracking and identifying network devices is on theInventory ManagementTLV.

This TLV carries critical details such as:

• Manufacturer
• Model
• Hardware/Firmware versions
• Serial/Asset numbers

This information provides a granular understanding of the devices on your network.

The FortiLink authorization process is an integral part of setting up FortiSwitch to be managed by FortiGate. The correct statements regarding the FortiLink authorization process are:

C.A FortiLink frame is sent by FortiGate to FortiSwitch to complete the authorization.This is a part of the FortiLink protocol, where FortiGate communicates with the connected FortiSwitch to establish management and control. This frameinitiates the configuration and management process, allowing FortiGate to effectively control the switch.

D.FortiLink authorization sets the FortiSwitch management mode to FortiLink.Once authorized, the management mode of FortiSwitch is set to FortiLink, indicating that it is being managed via a FortiLink connection from a FortiGate appliance. This changes the operational mode of the switch to be under the control of the FortiGate for centralized management and policy application.

References:

• Further details on the FortiLink setup and authorization process can be accessed through the FortiGate configuration guides available on theFortinet Documentation site.

The issue described pertains to the establishment of a tunnel (likely a CAPWAP tunnel for management purposes between FortiGate and FortiSwitch). Based on typical error analysis in tunnel setup scenarios:

• The CAPWAP tunnel failed to come up due to a mismatch in time (Option C): This answer is plausible because time synchronization is crucial for security protocols that underpin tunnel establishments, such as DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security) used within CAPWAP tunnels. If the clocks on FortiGate and FortiSwitch are significantly out of sync, the security handshake (which can include timestamp validation) could fail, preventing the tunnel from coming up.

References:

• Fortinet's technical documentation typically outlines the importance of time synchronization for secure communications. In CAPWAP/DLTS scenarios, precise time matching is crucial to ensure that the cryptographic parameters align correctly during the handshake process.