NSE7_NST-7.2 Fortinet NSE 7 - Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Questions and Answers

Diagnose NPU NP6 Port-list Disable Command:

Thediagnose npu np6 port-list disablecommand disables specific ports on the NP6 processor. This can help in cases where you need to analyze traffic and the hardware offloading is interfering.

Command:diagnose npu np6 port-list disable 5 17(as shown in Option A).

Diagnose NPU NP6 Fastpath Disable Command:

Disabling the fastpath feature on NP6 can also allow for better visibility into the traffic as it bypasses hardware acceleration, which might obscure traffic details.

Command:diagnose npu np6 fastpath disable 0(as shown in Option C).

References:

Fortinet Documentation on Troubleshooting BGP and NPU Settings​(Fortinet Docs)​.

Fortinet Community Technical Notes on NPU and Traffic Analysis​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​.

Kernel Slabs Overview:

The slab allocator in the Linux kernel is used for efficient memory management. It groups objects of the same type into caches, which are divided into slabs.

Each slab contains multiple objects and helps to minimize fragmentation and enhance memory allocation efficiency.

Interpreting the Exhibit:

The exhibit shows output related to various kernel slab caches.

The line forip6_sessionindicates that there are 1300 kB allocated for this slab, which means the total memory size allocated for IPv6 session objects in the kernel is 1300 kB.

References:

Fortinet Community: Explanation of kernel slab allocation and usage​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Hammertux)​.

Linux Kernel Documentation: Slab Allocator details​(Hammertux)​.

Current Configuration Analysis:

The firewall policy currently allows ICMP traffic from port1 to port3, enabling the ICMP echo request to reach the server.

However, for the server to send an ICMP echo reply back to the laptop, the traffic must be allowed from port3 to port1.

Required Configuration:

To ensure the server at10.4.0.1/24can send the ICMP echo reply back to the laptop at10.1.0.1/24, the administrator needs to configure a new firewall policy.

The policy must explicitly allow ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.

Steps to Configure:

Access the FortiGate configuration interface.

Navigate to the Firewall Policy section.

Create a new policy allowing ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.

Save and apply the new policy to ensure bidirectional ICMP traffic is permitted.

References

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

FortiGate Firewall Policy Configuration Guides

The commanddiagnose test application ipsmonitor 5is used to restart all IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) engines and monitors on the FortiGate device. This command is part of the diagnostic tools available for troubleshooting and maintaining the IPS functionality on the FortiGate.

Running this command forces the IPS system to reset and reinitialize, which can be useful in situations where the IPS functionality appears to be malfunctioning or not responding correctly.

This action helps in clearing any issues that might have arisen due to internal errors or misconfigurations, ensuring that the IPS engines operate correctly after the restart.

Session Synchronization:

FortiGate HA (High Availability) ensures that active sessions are synchronized between the primary and secondary devices. This synchronization allows for seamless failover and continuity of sessions.

Handling NAT Sessions:

The session in the exhibit has NAT applied, as indicated by thehook=post dir=org act=snatentry. FortiGate's HA setup is designed to handle such sessions, ensuring that traffic continues without interruption during failover.

Session Preservation:

Even with the presence of NAT, the session state is preserved across the HA devices. This means that ongoing sessions do not require re-establishment by the client, thus providing a seamless experience.

References:

Fortinet Documentation: HA session synchronization and failover

Fortinet Community: Understanding session synchronization in FortiGate HA

RTT (Round Trip Time):

RTT in the context of the FortiGuard server list indicates the time it takes for a request to be sent to a FortiGuard server and for a response to be received.

This metric helps determine the latency between the FortiGate device and the FortiGuard servers, which is crucial for ensuring efficient and quick updates and responses for services like web filtering and antivirus updates.

Server Selection:

The FortiGate device uses RTT values to prioritize servers. Servers with lower RTT values are preferred as they respond faster, ensuring minimal delay in processing requests.

This improves the overall performance of FortiGuard services by reducing the time it takes to communicate with the servers.

References:

Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FortiGuard server connections and RTT values​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Fortinet Docs)​.

Fortinet Documentation: FortiGuard server settings and RTT explanation​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Fortinet Docs)​.

RADIUS Server IP Address:

The debug output shows that the RADIUS request was sent to the server atIP=172.25.188.164. This indicates that the RADIUS server being queried for authentication is indeed located at this IP address.

Authentication Result:

The debug output includes a line indicating the result for the RADIUS server:Result for radius svr 'RadiusServer' 172.25.188.164(0) is 0. A result code of0typically signifies that the authentication attempt was unsuccessful.

Authentication Scheme:

The debug output does not indicate that the authentication scheme used was pop3; it mentions using CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).

Two-factor Authentication:

There is no indication in the debug output that two-factor authentication was required for this session.

References

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

RADIUS Authentication Configuration and Debugging Guides

Automation Stitches Overview:

Automation stitches in FortiOS allow administrators to automate responses to specific events, such as running diagnostic commands or taking corrective actions when certain thresholds are exceeded.

Diagnostic Commands and Alerts:

Automation stitches can be configured to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to email alerts. This is useful for monitoring and troubleshooting purposes, particularly when CPU or memory usage exceeds set thresholds.

Sequential Execution with Parameters:

When actions are executed sequentially, each action can take parameters from the previous action as input. This enables more complex workflowsand automation sequences where the output of one action influences the next.

References:

Fortinet Documentation: Configuring and using automation stitches​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Hammertux)​.

Fortinet Community: Automation stitches and their applications in FortiOS​(Hammertux)​​(Fortinet GURU)​.

BGP Advertisement:The output from the commandget router info bgp neighbors 100.64.2.254 advertised-routesshows the routes that the local router is advertising to its BGP neighbor.

Output Analysis:

TheNetworkcolumn lists the networks being advertised.

TheNext Hopcolumn indicates the next-hop IP address for these routes.

The line*> 10.20.30.40/24 100.64.2.1indicates that the 10.20.30.40/24 network is being advertised with a next-hop of 100.64.2.1.

Local Router's Role:Since the output lists the advertised routes, it means that the local router (with router ID 172.16.1.254) is advertising the 10.20.30.40/24 network to its neighbor 100.64.2.254.

This confirms that the local router is indeed advertising the specified network to its BGP neighbor.

References:

Fortinet Documentation: Understanding BGP Route Advertisements​(Fortinet Document Library)​​(Fortinet Docs)​.